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Stacey Lamont LAWTON

 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 
 
 
Classification: Murderer
Characteristics: Robberies
Number of victims: 1
Date of murder: December 24, 1992
Date of arrest: Same day
Date of birth: July 10, 1969
Victim profile: Dennis L. Price (male, 44)
Method of murder: Shooting
Location: Smith County, Texas, USA
Status: Executed by lethal injection in Texas on November 14, 2000
 
 
 
 
 
 


Summary:


Lawton gunned down Dennis Price in his front yard with a shotgun on Christmas Eve of 1992, as he was breaking into Price's truck looking for property to steal.

Lawton and his two co-defendants, Karlos Fields and Carlos Black had been involved in a two-day crime spree, breaking into homes and numerous cars in Price's neighborhood and around the County.

Accomplice Karlos Ranard Fields testified at trial, identified Lawton as the triggerman, and received a life sentence in 1994.

Last Statement:

I am saying, I want y'all to keep your heads up, hold on and stay strong for everybody. I mean ah, I don't want y'all to look at me like I am a killer or something man, cause I ain't no killer. I mean, I didn't, I didn't kill your father. I mean, I know how it look, but I didn't do it. You know what I am saying? You were out there with me, Tommy. I mean, you know man. (mumbled) You know I always did want to say something to y'all. Right? I can't say that I done it because I didn't do it. I've got love for everybody. I am a Christian now. I'm saying I want everybody to keep thier heads up and stay strong. I'm going to stay strong. I'll be seeing you, this is my last breath.

Ricky, keep your head up baby. All y'all, Doreen, Melodee.

I mean, I know y'all don't come down here. I just really don't know what y'all want me to say. I mean, I know, ah, I mean, I'm sorry anybody, ah, anybody got killed that night. It wasn't supposed to happen, but I didn't do it. I really didn't do it. I don't want y'all to go through life thinking that I did. You know what I am saying? I love everybody and I want y'all to stay strong. Right? It would take me an hour or a long time, man, but, ah, man, I don't want to hold y'all up, man, like that, ah. Y'all just keep your head up and stay strong, man.

Give my love to everybody.

I love y'all.

 
 

Texas Attorney General

MEDIA ADVISORY

Stacey Lamont Lawton Scheduled To Be Executed (AUSTIN)

Texas Attorney General John Cornyn offers the following information on Stacey Lamont Lawton who is scheduled to be executed after 6 p.m. on Tuesday, Nov. 14th, 2000.

Lawton was convicted and sentenced to death for murdering 47-year-old Dennis Price. Lawton gunned down Price in his front yard on Christmas Eve of 1992, as he was breaking into Price's truck looking for property to steal.

Lawton and his two co-defendants, Karlos Fields and Carlos Black had been involved in a crime spree on December 23rd and 24th of 1992, where they broke into and stole property from numerous cars in Price's neighborhood and around Smith County. The murder of Dennis Price was part of that crime spree.

In the early morning hours of December 24th, 1992, Lawton and co-defendant Carlos Black approached Price's truck and began to burglarize it. Price's daughter heard Lawton and Black and alerted Price to what was happening.

When Price came out of his house, Lawton shot him in the chest with a shotgun he had stolen in an earlier burglary. Lawton and Black then ran back to the stolen truck they were in and fled the scene. Price died in his daughter's arms as she was trying to give him CPR.

Lawton and his co-conspirators were caught by police after a high speed chase. A witness described the stolen truck that fled from the crime scene and a DPS trooper later caught the group and arrested them.

Lawton told police that Karlos Fields and Carlos Black were cousins and that as they all discussed carrying out the crime spree, Fields and Black openly agreed to not tell on each other, only Lawton, if something happened.

EVIDENCE

Police chased Lawton and his co-defendant as they fled from the crime scene. A witness who saw Lawton and his co-defendants flee the neighborhood was able to give police a description of the stolen truck they were in.

Karlos Fields, Lawton's co-defendant, testified at trial that Lawton was the man who gunned down Dennis Price. Fields also testified that prior to the group carrying out the crime spree, that Lawton told the group he would shoot anyone who came out of a house, interfering with a burglary.

Several witnesses testified that the cars driven by Lawton and his co-defendants were at the scenes of various burglaries that night. One witness testified that one of Lawton's co-defendant's had pointed a shotgun at her window earlier in the evening.

APPEALS TIME-LINE

  • December 6, 1995 - Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Lawton's conviction and sentence,

  • May 15, 1995 - U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari review;

  • April 23, 1997- Lawton filed an application for habeas corpus relief in the state trial court;

  • January 14, 1998 - Court of Criminal Appeals denied Lawton's habeas application;

  • January 20 , 1998 - Lawton filed a federal petition for writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division;

  • January 26, 1999- District Court denied habeas relief;

  • February 3, 1999 - District Court granted rehearing, but the district court once again denied relief on March 22, 1999;

  • May 24, 1999 - District Court granted Lawton permission to appeal;

  • March 1, 2000 - United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the lower court's denial of relief;

  • Sept. 26, 2000 - U.S. Supreme Court denies writ of certiorari.

PRIOR CRIMINAL HISTORY

At trial, the State presented evidence during the punishment phase of Lawton's prior convictions for criminal trespass and delivery of a controlled substance.

 
 

ProDeathPenalty.com

Stacey Lawton was sentenced to be executed for the shotgun slaying of 44-year-old Dennis L. Price during a burglary at the victim's home in the Indian Creek addition, west of Tyler on Christmas Eve, 1992.

Dennis was shot in the chest when he confronted Lawton and two accomplices outside his home. Lawton was standing guard while his partners were looting cars in the neighborhood. He died at a Tyler hospital 15 minutes after arrival.

Lawton and his accomplices fled in two stolen pickups which were later abandoned. They then stole a third pickup and were apprehended following a high-speed chase.

Accomplice Karlos Ranard Fields is serving a life sentence; the other burglar was a 14-year-old juvenile. Lawton was released on parole the previous year.

 
 

State Carries Out First of Three Executions Set This Week

By Michael Graczyk.

Amarillo Globe-News

HUNTSVILLE (AP) Repeatedly proclaiming his innocence, a paroled drug dealer was executed in the Texas death chamber Tuesday night for the shotgun slaying of a Tyler-area man during a burglary spree on Christmas Eve eight years ago. "I didn't kill anybody," Stacey Lawton, 31, said in a final statement. "I know how it looked, but I didn't do it." As the drugs began taking effect, he faintly gasped twice. He was pronounced dead seven minutes later, at 6:22 p.m. CST.

Lawton was the 36th condemned Texas inmate executed this year and the first of three scheduled on consecutive nights. If all three executions occur, Texas would top the record 37 executions it carried out in 1997.

Lawton, a Dallas native, was on parole after serving only seven months of a 10-year term for delivery of cocaine when he and two others went on their crime spree, breaking into as many as 16 vehicles.

Their noises prompted Dennis Price, manager of the city of Tyler's data processing center, to investigate outside his family's home, where he found them trying to get into his truck. His teen-age daughter called 911 and was on the line with a dispatcher when she learned her father had been gunned down. Price, 47, died on the way to a hospital.

Lawton, in a recent death row interview, denied responsibility for Price's death.

One of Lawton's partners, a 14-year-old boy, testified against him. The other, Karlos Fields, received a life prison term. Lawton said Fields was the gunman, a contention authorities disputed. "We don't have any question he was the one who shot the death shots," Dobbs said.

Lawton was supposed to die six weeks ago but a judge decided he should have more time to appeal to Gov. George W. Bush for clemency because his attorney missed a filing deadline by one day. The Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles subsequently rejected his request that it recommend the governor grant him clemency.

 
 

Texas Execution Information Center

Txexecutions.org

Stacey Lamont Lawton, 31, was executed by lethal injection on 14 November in Huntsville, Texas for the murder of a homeowner during a burglary.

On Christmas Eve 1992, Lawton, then 23, and two accomplices were burglarizing cars and trucks in the neighborhood of Dennis Price, 44.

Price's 18-year-old daughter, Jennifer, heard noises outside their home and alerted her father. While Jennifer called 911, Dennis Price went outside and found the trio trying to break into his truck. The burglars greeted Price with a shotgun blast to the chest.

The 911 tapes recorded Jennifer crying, "Oh my God! They shot my dad!" Dennis Price died on the way to the hospital. Lawton and the two accomplices -- Karlos Ranard Fields, 21, and a 14-year-old -- fled in two stolen pickups, then abandoned them and stole a third pickup. A witness saw the truck speed away and called police. Lawton and his two accomplices were caught after a high-speed chase.

Court records show that the murder weapon was stolen in an earlier burglary. Lawton's 14-year-old accomplice testified that Lawton was the gunman who killed Price.

Lawton had a prior conviction for delivery of cocaine. He served less than eight months of a 10-year prison sentence in 1990-91 before being paroled. (At this time, early release was common in Texas because of strict prison population caps imposed by U.S. District Judge William Wayne Justice.)

Lawton said that the other accomplice, Karlos Fields, was the gunman. "We were looking for a truck to steal and couldn't find one," he said in a death row interview. "As far as shooting the man, I didn't do it. ... I got no business being here." Prosecutors said they are positive that Lawton was the one who killed Price. Fields was convicted of capital murder and is serving a life sentence in prison.

The U.S. Supreme Court denied Lawton's appeal in late September. With his execution set for 3 October, the state district judge presiding over the case postponed it on that day because his attorneys had missed filing an appeal deadline by one day.

To the end, Lawton denied that he was the gunman who killed Dennis Price. At his execution, strapped to the guerney and with the saline solution already coursing through his body, Lawton addressed Jennifer Price, "I didn't kill your father. I mean, I know how it look [sic], but I didn't do it." (Jennifer was present for the execution but did not actually witness it.) Lawton repeated his claim of innocence several more times, while also encouraging his family and friends. As the drugs began taking effect, he faintly gasped twice. He was pronounced dead at 6:22 p.m.

 
 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

No. 99-40512

STACY LAMONT LAWTON, Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
GARY L. JOHNSON, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice,
Institutional Division, Respondent-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (6:98-CV-41)

March 1, 2000

Before WIENER, BARKSDALE, and STEWART, Circuit Judges

PER CURIAM:

* Petitioner-Appellant, Stacy Lamont Lawton (§ 2254, challenging his death sentence for the capital murder of Dennis Price while in the course of committing or attempting to commit a robbery. For the following reasons we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Our description of the factual background of this appeal is drawn from the Texas Criminal Court of Appeals’ decision which affirmed Lawton’s conviction. L awton v. State , 913 S.W.2d 542, 548 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995) (en banc); cert. denied , 117 S.Ct. 88 (1996).

On the night of December 23, and early morning of December 24, 1992, Karlos Fields (“Fields”) and Carlos Black (“Black”) were burglarizing several vehicles in Smith County. Using a stolen shotg un, Lawton stood guard while Fields and Black burglarized the vehicles.

Witnesses at the trial testified that Lawton stood at a distance from the vehicles being burglarized, and pointed the shotgun at the windows and doors of the houses near which the vehicles were parked. Lawton told Black and Fields that he would "bust on" (shoot) anyone who attempted to interfere in the burglary spree. In the pre-dawn hours of Christmas Eve, Dennis Price, the victim, was awakened by his daughter, who informed him that his truck was being burglarized. Price ran out into his front yard and was shot in the chest by Lawton.

Price died shortly ther eaft er as a result of the injuries sustained. Lawton, Fields, and Black were apprehended after a high-speed car chase.

In February 1993, a grand jury indicted Lawton for the capital offense of murder with a firearm, in the course of committing and attempting to commit the offense of robbery. Lawton was found guilty by the jury. The next day the jury found that Lawton constituted a continuing threat to society and that Lawton intended to kill his victim. The jury failed to find any mitigat ing circumstances. Based on the jury’s findings the trial court sentenced Lawton to death. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Lawton’s conviction, and the Supreme Court denied his subsequent petition for certiorari.

In April 1997, Lawton filed an application for habeas corpus relief in the state trial court. The state trial court conducted two evidentiary hearings to determine some previously unresolved factual issues regarding Lawton’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. After these evidentiary hearings, the state trial court denied Lawton’s application. Lawton filed his original application for habeas corpus relief in federal district court in January 1998, which alleged ineffective assistance of counsel and six other claims. 1 Following a motion by the state for summary judgment, the court denied LawtonÂ’s petition for habeas corpus relief. In May 1998 the district court granted Lawton a certificate of appealability on all issues raised in his application.

DISCUSSION

Lawton appeals the district court§ 2244 and §§ 2253-2255 of chapter 153 of title 28 of the United States Code, governs all habeas proceedings in federal courts filed after the statute§ 2254(d)(1). We follow §2254(d)(1) because that section sets forth the standard of review for pure questions of law and for mixed question s of law and fact. I d. ; See, e.g., T revino v. Johnson , 168 F.3d 173, 181 (5th Cir.1999); Corwin v. Johnson , 150 F.3d 467, 471 (5 th Cir. 1998).

I. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

To assert a successful ineffectiveness claim, Lawton is required to establish both: (1) constitutionally deficient performance by h is co unsel, and (2) actual prejudice as a result of his counsel's ineffectiveness. I d. (citing S trickland v. Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064, 483 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984)). "Failure to prove either deficient performance or actual prejudice is fatal to an ineffective assistance claim." I d. In order to satisfy the first prong of the Strickland analysis, Lawton must prove that his counsel's performance fell below an objective standard o f reasonableness. S ee id.

Reviewing courts must give counsel's performance high deference. S ee id. Lawton claims that his trial counsel failed to provide him with effective assistance of counsel at the punishment phase of his trial beca use his trial counsel failed to conduct a meaningful investigation of his background for the purpose of presenting mitigating evidence to the jury. At the punishment phase of the trial no mitigating evidence was offered on Lawton’s behalf.

At the evidentiary hearings held in state court to gather evidence regarding Lawton’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel there was extensive testimony. It is necessary for us to thoroughly review this evidence in order to assess Lawton’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Lawton’s lead trial counsel in the underlying action, William Wright, testified as to his efforts to gather mitigating evidence on Lawton’s behalf.

Wright testified that he contacted two psychologists and one psychiatrist in preparation for testimony regarding Lawton’s future dangerousness. Wright hoped that Dr. Terry Landrum would testify that Lawton posed no future danger, that in general predictions of future dangerousness are not reliable, and to provide testimony about the prison classification system. Wright stated that after he allowed Dr. Landrum to conduct a psychological evaluation of Lawton he believed that if he called Dr. Landrum to testify that it would open the door to information about Lawton’s previous incarcerations.

During a previous incarceration Lawton had been disciplined for delivery of a controlled substance while in the Smith County Jail. Therefore, he made a strategic decision not to call Dr. Landrum to testify on Lawton’s behalf. Wright further testified that although he did not use Dr. Landrum as a witness, he did consult with Dr. Landrum regarding the testimony of the state’s expert on future dangerousness, and used the information he received from Dr. Landrum in his cross examination of the state’s expert. Wright also stated that he talked to Dr. Landrum about whether another expert witness would be helpful, and Dr. Landrum said that it would not help.

Wright also recalled that he got Lawton’s records from the penitentiary, and he asked Lawton for names of people to contact who would be willing to testify for him at the punishment phase of the trial. Wright also asked Lawton about his family background, schooling, and any injuries he had suffered. Wright says that he then asked his investigator, Silton Joseph “Buck” Footenot (“Fontenot”), to contact everyone that Lawton had mentioned.

Wright states that Fontenot told him that he contacted everyone on the list. He testified that Fontenot told him Lawton’s mother said that Lawton had been spoiled by his great-grandmother as a child, and that she did not know a teacher or preacher who would testify on LawtonÂ’s behalf because Lawton refused to go to church.

Wright also spoke with Lawton’s sisters outside the courtroom. He said the sisters told him that Lawton had a good childhood and was spoiled by his great-grandmother, and therefore they could not testify to any hardship in his childhood. The sisters also told Wright that they loved their brother and that he did not have a reputation for violence.

Wright was not directly asked whether he made a strategic decision not to call the sisters to testify. Wright further recalled that LawtonÂ’s great-grandmother that raised him died a week prior to the trial. 2 Fontenot, Wright’s investigator, was also called to testify at this evidentiary hearing. He stated that he was appointed by the court to assist in LawtonÂ’s defense as an investigator. On direct examination Fontenot stated that he remembered talking to some witnesses on Lawton’s behalf, but he did not remember who, when, or where he talked to these witnesses. In his official court billing, Fontenot recorded four hours for witness interview on three different dates.

Audrey Lorraine Rogers, Lawton’s mother, also testif i ed at the evidentiary hearing. Ms. Roger’s testified th at she was contacted by Fontenot and asked if she knew anyone in the neighborhood who would b e willing to testify on Lawton’s behalf. Rogers stated that this conversation lasted for approximately three minutes, and that she was never contacted by Fontenot or Wright again. Rogers also recalled that she attempted to contact Fontenot at his office, but he was not in and she never attempted to call him again.

Rogers testified that she was never asked by the defense team about Lawton’s childhood, hardships, or anything else about his early life. Rogers told the court that Lawton’s birth father was convicted for armed robbery and was in the penitentiary until Lawton was nineteen. Rogers further recalled that Lawton’s step father once beat him severely with a shoe, and that she was also physically abused by Lawton’s step father. Rogers also explained that Lawton had a loving relationship with his girlfriend and her three children, and that Lawton did not have a reputati on for violence or being a bully.

On cross examination Rogers conceded that Lawton had not been routinely abused by his step father, and that he was primarily raised by his greatgrandmother who provided him with a “nice life.” 3 “[F]ailure to present a case in mitigation during the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial is not, per se, ineffective assistance of counsel." West v. Johnson , 92 F.3d 1385, 1408 (5th Cir. 1996) (citing Stringer v. Jackson , 862 F.2d 1108, 1116 (5th Cir.1988), vacated and remanded on other grounds, 503 U.S. 222, 112 S .

Ct. 1130, 117 L.Ed.2d 367 (1992), following remand, 979 F.2d 38 (5th Cir.1992) (modifying original opinion in other respects)). See also, e.g. , Andrews v. Co llins , 21 F.3d 612, 623-25 (5th Cir.1994); L incecum v. Co llins , 958 F. 2d 1271, 1278-80 (5th Ci r.), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 957 , 113 S.Ct. 417, 121 L.Ed.2d 340 (1992); D eLuna v. Lynaugh , 873 F.2d 757, 758-60 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 900 , 110 S.Ct. 259, 107 L.Ed.2d 208 (1989).

Furthermore, a defendant's trial counsel will not be found to have given ineffective assistance if the attorney was legitimately concerned that any mitigating testimony would have been presented by witnesses whose knowledge would have opened the do o r to more damaging evidence under cross-examination.

See Williams v. Cain , 125 F.3d at 278 (citing Williams v. Collins , 16 F.3d 626, 632 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 512 U.S. 1289 , 115 S.Ct. 42, 129 L.Ed.2d 937 (1994)).

In the present case, Lawton has put forth the affidavits of several family members including his mother and sisters that they were not contacted by the trial counsel to testify on Lawton’s behalf at the punishment phase of the trial. Lawton also includes an affidavit from a clinical psychologist, Dr. Patrick Lawrence, who states that he would have testified that in Texas prisons there is an inmate classification system which works well in controlling and managing inmates. Lawton contends that this testimony would have been helpful to the jury in assessing his future dangerousness in society, because it wo uld have shed light on the likelihood of Lawton harming other inmates in the prison environment.

We have considered these affidavits and the testimony of all of the witnesses in the state habeas proceedings. Although it is evident that Lawton’s counsel did not present any witnesses in mitigation, it appears that this was do ne as a strategic decision and not due to lack of effort.

See Mann v. Scott , 41 F.3d 968, 983-84 (5th Cir.1994) (reviewing record evidence and finding that counsel made a strategic decision not to offer mitigating evidence during the punishment phase of a capital trial). Lawton’s trial counsel had a legitimate concern that testimony by Dr. Landrum would open the door to damaging cro ss examination regarding Lawton’s previous behavior while in the Smith County Jail. Unlike some of this court’s previous cases, we have a fully developed record that shows that Wright did contact witnesses on future dangerousness and decided not to use them because he felt they would be exposed to damaging cross examination. Compare Wilson v. Butler , 813 F.2d 664, 672 (5 th Cir. 1987) (concluding that the existing record was inadequate for purposes of determining whether counsel made a strategic decision not to offer mitigating evidence during the punishment phase of a capital trial or whether that decision was professionally reasonable).

It is also evident that Lawton’s trial counsel made a strategic decision not to call Lawton’s family to testify on his behalf. These witnesses would not have been able to testify to any severe hardship or abuse in Lawton’s past, and would have opened the door to their testimony that in fact they believed Lawton had a reasonably good childhood and was spoiled by his great grandmother.

While it may have been beneficial for Lawton’s counsel to expend more effort to have m eaningful interaction with LawtonÂ’s family when assessing their helpfulness, it is clear that he did locate and talk to Lawton’s family members in an effort to discover mitigating testimony. The decision not to call Lawton’s family was a strategic one and does not constitute deficient performance within the meaning of Strickland . See Williams v. Cain , 125 F.3d at 278 (finding that failure to present mitigating lay testimony from family and friends does not constitute deficient pe r formance if the attorney could have concluded, for tactical reasons, that attempting to present such evidence would be unwise).

Moreover, Lawton has failed to show any prejudice to him as a result of his counsel’s decision not to present mitigation evidence. It is undisputed that the State produced evidence at Lawton’s trial from several law enforcement officials that Lawton had a bad reputation for being peaceful and law abiding. The state also presented expert testimony from a psychologist that Lawton would constitute a continuing threat to society. Finally, the state presented a statement from the victim’s daughter.

Due to this extensive and persuasive evidence presented by the State it is highly unlikely that the testimony of Lawton’s family or Dr. Landrum would have produced a different result. Therefore, Lawton suffered no prejudice from the absence of their testimony.

II. Failure to Instruct jury on parole eligibility

Lawton argues that the trial court’s failure to instruct the jury that a life sentence would result in Lawton being incarcerated for thirty-five years is a violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. Lawton admits that Fifth Circuit precedent on this issue is against him, but argues that two Supreme Court decisions weigh in his favor. S ee Walton v. Arizona , 497 U.S. 639, 110 S.Ct. 3047, 111 L.Ed. 2d 511 (1990); Simmons v. South Carolina , 512 U.S. 154, 114 S.Ct. 2187, 129 L.Ed. 2d 133 (1994).

After a review of those decisions, we find that Lawton’s claim is without merit. In A llridge v. Scott , 41 F.3d 213, 221-22 (5 th Cir. 1994), this court held that because the state of Texas does not statutorily provide for life imprisonment without parole, due process does not require the court to instruct the jury on a defendant’s parole eligibility. We interpreted Simmons to apply only when the defendant is legally ineligible for parole, which is never the situation for Texas inmates sentenced to life in prison. See Allridge , 41 F.3d at 222.

CONCLUSION

We find that Lawton did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel during the punishment phase of his trial. We further find that the trial court’s failure to instruct the jury on possible parole eligibility did not violate Lawton’s constitutional rights. Therefore, the judgment of the district court to deny Lawton’s petition for habeas corpus relief is AFFIRMED.

*****

* Pursuant to 5 TH C IR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5 TH C IR . R. 47.5.4

1 In his original application for writ of habeas corpus in the district court Lawton raised six issues: 1) ineffective assistance of counsel at t he punishment phase of his trial, 2) the statutory language which constitut es the second special issue at the punishment stage is unconstitutional, 3) defining mitigating evidence as evidence which makes the defendant less “morally blameworthy” is unconstitutional, 4) the trial court’s failure to inform the jury that a life sentence would result in incarceration for thirty-five years is unconstitutional, 5)there is no meaningful appellate review for sufficiency of the evidence regarding the “mitigating evidence” special issue, 6) the “mitigating evidence” special issue is facially unconstitutional because the statutory provision fails to allocate a burden of proof. On appeal to this court, the petitioner has only briefed his ineffective assistance of

counsel claim, and his jury instruction claim. Therefore, the other issues for which a certificate of appealability was granted have been abandoned

2 Donald Killingsworth, Wright’s co-counsel in the underlying action, testified at the state habeas evidentiary hearing. Killingsworth confirmed Wright’s testimony that the defense did contact several psychologists for possible testimony on Lawton’s behalf, including Dr. Jerry Landrum. Killingsworth further stated that although he had not talked to Lawton’s family himself he believed that the family had been contacted, and Wright had decided that their testimony would not be helpful

3 Sheryl Rogers, LawtonÂ’s sister, testified at the hearing. She stated that if called to testify she would have said that Lawton did not have a father figure growing up, that he did not have a reputation as a bully, and that she loved him. Rogers stated that she was not contacted by any member of the defense team prior to the trial. Therese Grady, another of LawtonÂ’s sisters says that Wright did speak to her outside in the hallway of the courtroom, but that she was not contacted prior to trial. She stated that if called to testify she would have told the jury that she loved her brother, and that he did not have a reputation as a bully

 
 


 

 

 
 
 
 
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