The Aramoana massacre was a mass murder that
occurred on 13 November 1990 in the small seaside township of Aramoana,
New Zealand. Resident David Gray, a 33-year-old unemployed man, began
indiscriminately shooting people in the township with a scoped semi-automatic
rifle, after a verbal dispute with his next-door neighbour. He shot
neighbours and a family visiting the township, killing thirteen people,
including local police Sergeant Stewart Guthrie, first responder to the
reports of a shooting.
After a careful house-by-house search the next day,
police officers led by the Special Tactics Group located Gray and shot
him dead as he came out of a house firing from the hip (media reporting
at the time called the group by the pre-1990 name, the Anti Terrorist
Squad). It is the deadliest criminal shooting in New Zealand history.
Timeline of events
Spree
The massacre began on 13 November at 7.30 pm when
Gray confronted neighbour Garry Holden about one of Holden's daughters
wandering onto his property. After the confrontation, Gray went into his
house, retrieved a Norinco AK-47 assault rifle, walked outside and shot
Holden dead.
Nearby were three young girls: Holden's two daughters,
Chiquita and Jasmine, and his girlfriend Julie's adopted daughter, Rewa.
The girls ran into Holden's house as Gray walked onto Holden's property.
He quickly found Chiquita and shot her through her left arm and chest,
the bullet lodging in her abdomen.
The wounded girl fled past her father's body to the
nearby house of Julie Ann Bryson, while Gray set the Holden house on
fire. Bryson, realising that Rewa and Jasmine were still in the Holden
house, drove her van there with Chiquita in an attempt to save the girls.
Gray shot at the van as it passed the house, which was by now ablaze.
Gray started shooting indiscriminately, targeting a
utility vehicle full of locals who had seen the Holden house burning and
stopped to help. He first shot Vanessa Percy as she ran down the street
in terror, then killed two young boys, Leo Wilson and Dion Percy. The
boys' sister Stacey, received severe wounds to her abdomen.[7] Ross
Percy, the children's father, who had been driving them home after a day
fishing when they saw the fire, was the next to die, followed by Aleki
Tali, who had also been with them fishing that day. Gray then entered
the home of Tim Jamieson, killing him and another elderly local, former
Green Island mayor Vic Crimp.
The next victim was James Dickson, who was looking
for his dog, Patch. Helen Dickson, James's mother, and neighbour Chris
Cole went into the road to see what the noise was. Gray shot at both of
them, wounding Cole and forcing Helen to dive for cover. Helen, who had
recently had a hip replacement and was unable to walk without assistance,
pulled herself along on her stomach using her arms and feet in a ditch
to get inside and phone for help. She then crawled back to Cole to tell
him help was coming.
After waiting for some time, Helen again crawled back
to her house and phoned 111 emergency. By this stage it was getting dark
and the dispatcher advised her to stay inside. Helen later received the
George Medal for bravery. Help arrived too late for Cole, who died in
hospital.
First responders
The first police officer to arrive was Sergeant
Stewart Guthrie, officer in charge of Port Chalmers police station and
an NCO in the Armed Offenders Squad (AOS). He came armed with a .38
Smith & Wesson police revolver (New Zealand police ordinarily do not
carry firearms) and enlisted the help of Constable Russell Anderson, who
had arrived a short time earlier with the fire service. He armed
Anderson with a rifle belonging to a resident. With darkness approaching,
the pair moved through the township to Gray's house, where Guthrie
deployed the constable to cover the front while he moved to cover the
more dangerous rear of the house. A detective and two constables arrived,
starting the first step of the "cordon, contain, appeal" standard police
strategy for armed offenders. Guthrie observed Gray and relayed his
movements inside the house to police headquarters.
After some time he lost sight of the gunman, and
advised the detective to warn everyone to be alert. Anderson spotted
Gray coming out the front of his property and issued a challenge, at
which the gunman retreated quickly, passing through the rear of his
property. Taking cover in the sand dunes of a neighbouring crib, Guthrie
encountered Gray coming out of the darkness. Yelling at the gunman to
surrender, he fired a warning shot. Gray shouted, "Don't shoot!",
leading Guthrie to believe he was surrendering. However, Gray suddenly
fired several times, one shot striking Guthrie in the head, killing him
instantly.
Minutes later the Dunedin branch of the AOS began to
arrive and sealed off the township with a roadblock about 250 metres
along the only road out of Aramoana, securing it with an armoured car.
AOS units from Christchurch, Timaru and Invercargill were called in for
support. The situation was considered dangerous as Gray had a scoped
rifle, making him potentially accurate at long range.
Special Tactics Group
Commissioner of Police John Jamieson authorised the
Special Tactics Group (STG), the specialist counter terrorist unit, to
travel to Dunedin and locate Gray, group members were in Christchurch,
Wellington and Auckland. Unable to get transport with the Air Force, the
group caught the early morning business flight on the 14th. They took
Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns, encountering some problems taking
firearms on a commercial aircraft. Also on the flight were Minister of
Police John Banks, the Commissioner, and Julie Holden, who described
Aramoana to the STG. A large number of reporters met the flight on
arrival at Dunedin. A bus took the STG to Port Chalmers, which was
choked with vehicles, where residents from Aramoana briefed the group
about the township and Gray.
STG members took a reconnaissance flight over the
township in an Air Force Iroquois. The Air Force crew had flown in to
Dunedin early in the morning from Haast having been called out for the
third day in a row - directly from two previous search and rescue
missions in the mountains of New Zealands Southern Alps. The helicopter
initially flew high as it had no armour from small arms fire; Gray had
shot at a private news helicopter earlier that morning. After the
initial reconnaissance flight the STG moved out as two squads and met up
with the Timaru AOS, who were holding positions. The group received fire
orders: "if he has a firearm, he is to be shot". Meanwhile, Gray had
entered a crib, eaten a small meal and gone to sleep.
The STG went first to Gray's house, passing bodies on
the street. After clearing neighbouring houses they put a stun grenade
into Gray's, blowing out the windows, followed by tear gas. Kicking down
the door, they discovered it was empty. The group then worked down the
road, checking each house, a squad on either side of the street. The STG
called up the AOS, with members from Wanganui, Palmerston North, Napier,
and New Plymouth, to their backs. The group discovered Sergeant
Guthrie's revolver in a garden, and a woman who had been hiding under a
table for more than twenty hours.
After a long day searching from house to house, the
STG checked a crib with a broken window on the north-eastern side of the
township. The crib had large hedges on both sides, and a fibrolite shed
at the rear. The group spotted Gray briefly at a window, and a battle
ensued. Police put a stun grenade through a window, but it bounced off a
mattress that Gray had placed as a barricade and landed back near police.
Police fired teargas into the crib. Gray began shooting not at police
but through the fibrolite shed. The STG opened fire, both sides shooting
for two minutes, Gray walking around inside firing randomly. A stray
bullet that passed through the crib struck an STG officer in the ankle.
As soon as the shooting errupted, the Air Force Iroquois took up
position overhead to help ensure Gray could not escape into nearby
bushes in the fading light of the approaching second night.
At around 5.50 pm, Gray ran out of the house,
shooting from the hip and shouting "Kill me! Fucking kill me!" He took
several steps before being struck and knocked down by STG gunfire. Gray
was hit five times: in the eye, neck, chest and twice in the groin. Even
with these injuries, he struggled fiercely against police, breaking free
of plastic handcuffs before being re-handcuffed, while berating police
for not having killed him.
Ambulance officers treated him at the scene by
providing him oxygen, but he died where he fell at 6:10 pm.
Inside the crib police found a .22 Winchester rifle
fitted with a silencer, an air rifle, hundreds of rounds of .22
ammunition, and approximately 100 rounds of .223 ammunition. Gray was
carrying a .22 Remington rifle as well as the .223 Norinco when he was
shot. Police had fired between 50 and 60 shots, and at least 150 police
officers were involved in the operation.
Rewa Bryson and Jasmine Holden's charred bodies were
found in what remained of the Holden family home. Fourteen people
including Gray were dead.
Perpetrator
The perpetrator of the massacre was 33-year-old David
Malcolm Gray (November 20, 1956 – November 14, 1990), an unemployed
resident of Aramoana. Gray was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, and was
raised in Port Chalmers. His father, David Francis, worked in a
manufacturing company and his mother, Mary Elizabeth, was a machinist.
He had two siblings, sister Joan and brother Barry.
Gray attended Port Chalmers Primary School, and later
enrolled at the Otago Boys' High School from 1971 to 1973, where he was
a mid-stream student. A former classmate stated Gray was quiet and
unassuming, but that "there was nothing frightening about him then".
Those who knew Gray remembered him as having been a loner since primary
school. He had worked occasionally as a farmhand but had been unemployed
for a few years before 1990.
He had lost both his parents — his father in 1978,
and his mother in 1985. His sister said the death of their mother deeply
affected David, and prompted him to move from Port Chalmers to the Gray
family holiday home in Aramoana.
Gray was a regular customer at Galaxy Books and
Records in Dunedin. Bill Brosnan, the store owner, knew him for seven
years and said he was a fan of military books and Soldier of Fortune
magazine. In January 1990, Gray threatened an assistant of the bookshop
with what appeared to be a shotgun in a cardboard box, and Brosnan
served him with a trespass notice in February.
His sister said he was an animal lover; locals said
this was a source of conflict with his next-door neighbour Garry Holden,
whose pets kept dying.
Casualties
Killed
Rewa Ariki Bryson, 11, friend of Jasmine
Simon Christopher "Chris" Cole, 62
Victor James "Vic" Crimp, 71
James Alexander "Jim" Dickson, 45
Sergeant Stewart Graeme "Stu" Guthrie, 41, Port Chalmers police officer
Garry John Holden, 38
Jasmine Amber Holden, 11, daughter of Garry Holden
Magnus "Tim" Jamieson, 69
Ross James Percy, 42
Vanessa Grace Percy, 26, wife of Ross Percy
Dion Raymond Jack Percy, 6, son of Ross and Vanessa Percy
Aleki Tali, 41
Leo Wilson, 6
Wounded
Stacey Percy, 4, daughter of Ross and Vanessa Percy
Chiquita Holden, 9, daughter of Garry Holden
Stephen Vaughan, Wellington police officer
Causes
Gray's mental and physical state worsened in the
months leading up to the attack. There was some evidence of a
progressive decline in his mental state before the shootings, as he
alienated his few friends. On the morning of 13 November he travelled
into Dunedin city, and visited a bank where he objected angrily to a
NZ$2.00 bank fee for a cheque. He then went to Elio's Gun Shop, placing
a $100 deposit on a gun he intended to collect the next week. At the
Continental Coffee Bar he was served a cold pie, became confrontational,
and threatened the owners, "I'll be back, I'm going to get you. I'll
blow you away." when asked to leave.
Aftermath
Three days after the incident Gray's house at 27 Muri
Street in Aramoana was deliberately set on fire and burnt to the ground.
The Port Chalmers Fire Brigade attended and doused surrounding
vegetation to prevent the fire spreading; around fifty residents watched
it burn. Gray's relatives asked any investigation of arson be stopped,
when contacted by police.
The massacre is the most deadly criminal shooting
rampage in New Zealand's history. It sparked lengthy debate about gun
control, as Gray's primary weapon was a Military-Style Semi-Automatic
rifle, with a similar appearance to and internal mechanism based on the
Russian AK-47. The incident indirectly resulted in an amendment to New
Zealand's firearms regulations in 1992, tightening gun control. Many of
the officers involved received gallantry awards, Sergeant Guthrie
receiving a posthumous George Cross. A memorial to the victims was
erected in the township.
Cultural Influence
Books
At least two non-fiction books have been written
about the shootings: Tragedy at Aramoana by journalist Paul Bensemann,[30]
and Aramoana: Twenty-two hours of terror by police officer Bill O'Brien.[31]
There are chapters devoted to the shootings in Gordon Johnston's history
of the settlement, Journey to Aramoana - His Story,[32] and Confessions
from the front line by STG leader Murray Forbes.
Film and television
A movie based on the massacre, Out of the Blue,
directed by Robert Sarkies, premiered at the Toronto International Film
Festival on September 12, 2006.
The production faced some opposition from some
citizens in Aramoana. However, eventually the community allowed some
scenes to be shot in the township. They agreed to the making of the
movie only if the title was not Aramoana and if they were to see the
movie beforehand.
Music
The Mutton Birds refer obliquely to the massacre in
the song A Thing Well Made on their self-titled debut album. The song is
narrated by a man who owns a sporting goods store in Christchurch. As
the song closes he describes his work for the day, which involves
sending "one of those AK-47s for some collector down the line." Dunedin
band The Chills more directly address the Aramoana incident in the song
"Strange Case" from the 1992 album Soft Bomb.
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