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Moses SITHOLE
Early life
Sithole was born in Vosloorus, a poor neighbourhood of Boksburg in
apartheid-era South Africa. When he was five, his father died, and his
mother abandoned the family. Sithole and his siblings spent the next
three years in an orphanage, where he later said they were mistreated.
He ran away back to his mother, who sent him back to the orphanage. He
eventually moved in with his older brother.
He began raping women in
his twenties, claiming three victims before one finally testified
against him. He was sent to prison, during which he himself was sexually
assaulted by other prisoners. His murder spree began in 1994, shortly
after his release.
Sithole would gain access to victims by pretending to be a businessman
and offering them work, going so far as to invent a fictional charity
organization. Once he had gained their trust, he would offer to walk
them through a veld (an Afrikaans word literally meaning "field") to the
"business headquarters" until they were out of sight and hearing range;
he would then overpower, rape and strangle them. By 1995, he had claimed
over 30 victims, igniting a nationwide panic. In some cases, he would
call the victim's family and taunt them.
Capture
In August 1995, Sithole was identified as having been seen with one of
the victims; police soon discovered details of his fake business and
previous rape conviction. Panicked, he went on the run. He called
journalist Tamsen de Beer and identified himself as the killer.
At the third call he gave De Beer a number to call back. The police
rushed to the pay phone he was calling from, but they were too late.
Shortly after that Sithole contacted his brother-in-law, who promised
him to help him get a gun and arranged a meeting. The brother-in-law
notified the police, but Sithole sensed a trap at the meeting spot and
ran. Police shot him twice when he charged them with an axe, wounding
him before taking him into custody. He eventually confessed to the
murders.
Trial and
imprisonment
On December 5, 1997, Sithole
was sentenced to 50 years imprisonment for each of the 38 murders, 12
years imprisonment for each of the 40 rapes, and five years imprisonment
for each of the six robberies. Since his sentences run
consecutively, the total effective sentence is thus one of 2,410
years. Justice David Carstairs ordered that Sithole would be required to
serve at least 930 years before being eligible for parole
(in around
2927). He is incarcerated in C-Max, the maximum security section of
Pretoria Central Prison, during this time, press reports stated that
he was HIV positive.
He receives treatment for the
virus while in prison, but his wife and child died of the disease
because law abiding citizens do not automatically qualify for any sort
of health care coverage until age 65.
Moses Sithole: The South African Strangler
Crimeandinvestigation.co.za
South Africa's worst serial killer was found guilty
in 1997 of 38 murders and 40 rapes. What drove Moses Sithole to commit
his heinous crimes?
Biography
Moses Sithole was born in 1964 to Simon & Sophie
Sithole, one of five children, near Boksburg, in what was then the
Transvaal Province of apartheid South Africa. Childhood poverty was
exacerbated following the death of his father, and his mother, Sophie,
unable to support the children, abandoned them at a local police station.
They were placed in an orphanage in Kwazulu Natal, but systematic abuse
caused the teenage Sithole to run away after three years there, seeking
refuge first with his older brother, Patrick, before going to work in
the Johannesburg gold mines.
Sithole was sexually precocious from an early age,
but relationships were short-lived: it has been surmised that his
mother’s abandonment of her children might have played a role in his
aggressive attitudes to woman. He is also reported to have told some of
his rape victims of his own bad experiences, at the hands of a previous
girlfriend.
He has been described as a handsome and charming man,
and most of his victims were enticed to their assaults, and often deaths,
in broad daylight, with promises of employment opportunities that would
never materialise. His social ease and intelligent demeanour made the
string of brutal assaults even more chilling, and he was eventually
charged with 38 murders and 40 rapes. A significant number of his
victims were never identified.
The crimes
It is not known when Sithole took his first rape
victim, but his first recorded incidence of rape occurred in September
1987, involving 29-year-old Patrica Khumalo, who also testified at his
1996 trial. Three other known rape victims came forward, including
Buyiswa Doris Swakamisa, who was attacked in February 1989. She made a
police report at the time that resulted in Sithole’s arrest and trial,
and he was jailed in Boksburg Prison for six years, in 1989, for the
rape of Swakamisa. Sithole maintained his innocence throughout the trial,
and was released early, in 1993, for good behaviour
Perhaps Sithole learned a lesson from his time in
jail: that rape victims left alive can produce consequences. It is not
known how soon after release that he began his rape and killing spree
but, in the period between January and April 1995, in Atteridgeville,
west of Pretoria, four bodies of young black women, who had been
strangled, and probably raped, were discovered. This began a chain of
events that unearthed an appalling litany of brutality and death.
When newspapers became aware of the similarities in
the modus operandi of the killing of each victim, police were forced to
admit that a serial killer might be operating in the area. When the body
of the 2-year old son of one of the victims was also discovered, it
incited further media coverage but, in a society inured to violence,
interest was relatively short-lived within the media.
However, the recovery of a number of bodies within
the general vicinity of Pretoria over the next few months, all sharing
the same gruesome pattern, of having been raped, tied up and strangled
with their own underwear, gave the public pause for thought. On 17th
July 1995, a witness saw Sithole acting suspiciously whilst in the
company of a young woman, and discovered her body when he went to
investigate. Unfortunately, the witness had been too far away to be able
to identify the killer.
A special investigating team was established within
the Pretoria Murder and Robbery Unit, in an effort to establish whether
the bodies conformed to a definite pattern, but the method of attack
varied to such an extent that it was impossible to state with certainty
that one killer was responsible. As more victims were identified, and
the chronology of deaths, rather than the discovery of their bodies,
became apparent, there was clear evidence that the killer was evolving
his murder technique to extract the greatest pain from his victims,
assumedly increasing his own pleasure. His means of approach was also
clarified: in a significant number of cases, the victim had been meeting
someone who had promised them employment.
On 16th September 1995, a body was discovered at the
Van Dyk Mine near Boksburg. Further investigation revealed mass graves;
forensic experts recovered ten bodies, in varying degrees of
decomposition, over the next 48 hours. Investigators were certain that
the Boksburg bodies were linked with the victims at Atteridgeville.
Media attention was intense throughout the recovery operation, and even
President Nelson Mandela visited the scene of the grisly discoveries.
Public concern increased with the media coverage, and
the local authorities sought external help from retired FBI profiler
Robert Ressler, who arrived on 23rd September 1995. He assisted with the
development of a profile of the serial killer, indicating that an
intelligent, organised individual with a high sex drive was responsible,
operating with a growing sense of confidence, and perhaps with the
assistance of a second killer.
The arrest
Whilst the profiling was underway, investigations at
the site revealed that one of the victims found, Amelia Rapodile, had
last been seen before an appointment to see a man, named Moses Sithole,
on 7th September. A job application form was found, in which she was
offered a position, and when a second victim showed a similar connection
to Sithole, police were confident that they had unearthed a likely
suspect. They were unable to locate Sithole, however, who continued with
his killing spree, unfazed by the manhunt and media attention, and the
body of Agnes Mbuli was discovered near Benoni on 3rd October 1995.
That same day, a phone call was received at “The Star”
newspaper, from a man claiming to be the serial killer. As he seemed to
have information not known to the general public, police were inclined
to believe it was Sithole. An attempt to set up a meeting with him
failed, however, and three more bodies were discovered over the next 10
days, forcing the police to release Sithole’s details to the media.
With the manhunt now in the public domain, Sithole
tried to seek assistance from family members, but undercover police
intercepted him on 18th October 1995. Unwilling to go quietly, he was
shot in the leg and stomach by a policeman, and hospitalised, operated
on, and transferred to the secure Military Hospital in Pretoria, where
Sithole admitted to numerous killings whilst being interviewed by
detectives.
He also denied ever having had an accomplice, and
believed that some “copycat” murders had been executed using his modus
operandi. A police claim, that he had waived his right to an attorney,
whilst making his confession, was later denied in court.
Five days later, on 23rd October 1995, Moses Sithole
was charged with 29 murders in the magistrates' court in Brakpan.
On 3rd November 1995 he was transported to Boksburg
Prison, where he had served his rape sentence two years previously, to
await his trial. During this time, press reports stated that he was HIV
positive.
The trial
By the time Sithole’s trial began on 21st October
1996, mounting evidence saw the total charges against him increase to 38
counts of murder, 40 counts of rape and 6 counts of robbery. He pleaded
not guilty to all charges.
Building a chronological picture of his crimes, the
prosecution introduced harrowing testimony, from his earliest rape
victims, detailing their ordeals at the hands of Sithole before his
first conviction for rape.
There followed a detailed examination of his
connection with each of the murdered victims, with testimony about the
alleged job offers, and the specific techniques used to lure his victims
to their deaths. Sithole appeared cool and collected throughout.
On 3rd December 1996, the prosecution introduced a
video that had been shot during Sithole’s initial incarceration, in
which Sithole candidly admitted to 29 murders. He describes his
technique in some detail, although he claims that he began killing only
in July 1995, selecting his victims for their resemblance to the rape
victim, Buyiswa Doris Swakamisa, whom he regarded as responsible for his
first jail sentence. The legality of the admissibility of this tape,
recorded illegally in a jail cell, caused the trial to be delayed until
29th January 1997, and the technical issues relating to it, as well as
Sithole’s original confession, caused the trial to drag on until 29th
July 1997, when the judge finally ruled that the evidence was admissible.
The prosecution rested its case on 15th August 1997.
The defence case depended largely on Sithole’s denial of any involvement
in the killings, when he took the witness box, but his testimony was
often rambling and incoherent.
On 4th December 1997, more than a year after the case
had commenced, Moses Sithole was found guilty on all charges. It took
three hours to read the verdict, with the consequence that sentencing
had to be postponed until the next day.
Next morning, the judge made a statement stating that,
in view of the abhorrent nature of the crimes, he would have had no
hesitation in pronouncing a death sentence on Sithole. However, since
the death penalty in South Africa had been declared unconstitutional in
1995, Sithole was sentenced to 2,410 years in prison, with no
possibility of parole for at least 930 years. Clearly, the sentence
meant to keep Sithole behind bars for the rest of his life.
The aftermath
Sithole was incarcerated at the maximum-security
section of Pretoria Central Prison, the highest security cellblock in
South Africa, known as C-Max. Ironically, the medical treatment for his
HIV condition in prison far exceeds any treatment available to the
average South African citizen, and may well secure him a far longer life,
albeit in prison.
Moses Sithole
The ABC Murders
News.iafrica.com
May 7, 2007
South
Africa’s most notorious serial killer, Moses Sithole, was found guilty
of 38 murders and 40 rapes. They were nicknamed the 'ABC Murders'
because they began in Atteridgeville, continued in Boksburg and ended in
Cleveland. Described as an attractive and charming man, Sithole lured
many of his victims to their deaths in broad daylight.
In 1989, Sithole was sentenced to six years for the
rape of Buyiswa Doris Swakamisa. He was released in 1993 for good
behaviour. Between January and April 1995, the bodies of four women who
had been raped and strangled were discovered. The women were tied up and
strangled with their own underwear.
Over the next few months more bodies were found. In
September 1995 a body was discovered at Van Dyk Mine near Boksburg.
Further investigation revealed a mass grave of 10 bodies. Police sought
the expert help of retired FBI profiler Robert Ressler and Sithole, who
had arranged to meet a number of the women as a potential 'employer',
became a suspect.
He was apprehended when he contacted
a family member. He was sentenced to 2410 years in prison with no
possibility of parole for at least 930 years. He is incarcerated at
Pretoria's C-Max.