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Gang LU
Chris K. Goertz
Chan Lin-hua
Dwight R. Nicholson
Robert "Bob" Alan Smith
Those killed in Van Allen Hall, the
physics department's building, were Christoph K. Goertz,
a professor in the department and Lu's academic advisor;
Dwight R. Nicholson, chairman of the physics and
astronomy department; Robert Alan Smith, an assistant
professor; and Linhua Shan, a fellow physics graduate
student, also from China. T. Anne Cleary, the assistant
vice president for academic affairs, was killed in
Jessup Hall, the main administration building, where a
student employee, Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, was shot in the
spine, permanently paralyzing her arms and legs.
Lu had received his doctoral degree
the previous May. Months before the shootings, he wrote
five letters explaining the reasons for his planned
actions. According to university officials, four of the
letters are in English and were intended to be sent to
news organizations. One is in Chinese. The letters have
not been released to the public. According to the
university, Lu said in the letters that he was angry and
jealous that his doctoral dissertation had not received
a prestigious academic award. Linhua Shan had received
the award.
Writer Jo Ann Beard later wrote an
acclaimed personal essay based in part on the killings.
The essay, called "The Fourth State of Matter," was
originally published in The New Yorker, appeared in the
1997 edition of Best American Essays, and was
later published in her collection of personal essays,
The Boys of My Youth. Beard worked as an editor for
a physics journal at the university and was a colleague
of the victims, working closely with several of them.
Based on Gang Lu's story, director
Chen Shi-zheng made a feature film, "Dark Matter,"
starring Liu Ye and Meryl Streep. The film won the
Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the Sundance Film Festival in
2007.
Books
Chen, Edwin (1995). Deadly Scholarship: The True
Story of Lu Gang and Mass Murder in America's
Heartland. Carol Publishing Corporation. ISBN
155972241X.
Perpetrator and motives
The perpetrator of the shooting was 28-year-old
Gang Lu (family name Lu; Chinese: 卢刚 Lú Gāng), a former
graduate student at the University of Iowa. Gang Lu was a physics and
astronomy student and had received his doctoral degree from the
university in May of 1991. His dissertation was titled Study of the "Critical
Ionization Velocity" Effect by Particle-in-Cell Stimulation. He was
still living in Iowa City after he had finished school.
In the months prior to the shooting, he wrote five
letters explaining the reasons for his planned actions. According to
university officials, four of the letters were in English and were
intended to be mailed to news organizations. One letter was written in
Chinese. The letters have never been released to the public.
Lu was infuriated because his dissertation did not
receive the prestigious D.C. Spriestersbach Dissertation Prize. This
prize included a monetary award of $2,500. Gang Lu believed that winning
the prize would have made it easier for him to land a job.
The Spriestersbach prize was awarded to Linhua Shan
for his dissertation entitled "Electromagnetic Effects in Saturn's B
Ring". Both Shan and Lu were unable to find jobs in academia outside
of the University of Iowa because of the recession. Normally the
department would have given them both a temporary postdoctoral
fellowship. Unfortunately there was only enough money to support one of
them. The postdoctoral fellowship was awarded in favor of Shan as the
faculty felt he deserved it more than Lu.
The shooting
On Friday, November 1, 1991, Gang Lu attended a
physics and astronomy department meeting in Van Allen Hall. A few
minutes after the meeting began, Lu took a .38 caliber revolver out of
his jacket and began shooting. Dr. Christoph K. Goertz, Dr. Dwight R.
Nicholson, Dr. Robert Alan Smith, and Linhua Shan were all slain.
Dr. Goertz was Gang Lu's dissertation chairperson and
one of America's leading space plasma physicists. Dr. Nicholson was one
of Lu's committee members and the chair of the physics and astronomy
department. Dr. Smith was a plasma physicist and was also on Lu's
dissertation committee. Linhua Shan had once been roommates with Gang Lu
and was also a student of Dr. Goertz.
After the shooting at Van Allen Hall, Gang Lu walked
three blocks to Jessup Hall. Lu requested to see T. Anne Cleary, the
associate vice president for academic affairs, who was the grievance
officer at the university. Cleary was fatally wounded and passed away
the following day at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Miya
Rodolfo-Sioson, a temporary student employee in the grievance office,
was shot for reasons unknown as she was not on Lu's hit list. Rodolfo-Sioson
survived but was left paralyzed from the neck down. She passed away from
breast cancer in 2008.
University President Hunter Rawlings III was another
person on Lu's hit list but was off campus at the time of the shooting.
Gang Lu committed suicide in Jessup Hall as police arrived at the scene.
The following day, November 2, a Saturday, the
University of Iowa Hawkeyes Football team, coached by Hayden Fry, would
honor those that were killed by stripping their game helmets of all
markings in a symbolic gesture of mourning. The Hawkeyes would go on to
win their game against Ohio State.
Popular culture
Writer Jo Ann Beard later wrote an acclaimed personal
essay based in part on the killings. The essay called "The Fourth State
of Matter," originally published in The New Yorker, appeared in
the 1997 edition of Best American Essays. It was later included
in her collection of personal essays, The Boys of My Youth. Beard
worked as an editor for a physics journal at the university and was a
colleague of the victims. She had been close friends with Dr. Goertz.
Based on Gang Lu's story, Chinese director Chen Shi-zheng
made a feature film, Dark Matter, starring Liu Ye and Meryl
Streep. The film won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the Sundance Film
Festival in 2007.
A documentary about the life of the lone survivor,
Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, entitled Miya of the Quiet Strength, was
released in 2009
The Pittsburgh Press
November 2, 1991
The student, Gang Lu, also
critically wounded a university administrator and another staffer
yesterday before shooting himself to death, said Ann Rhodes, vice
president of university relations.
The Indianapolis News
November 2, 1991
Gang Lu _ reportedly angry at being passed over for
an academic honor _ also critically wounded a University of Iowa
administrator and another staffer before shooting himself to death.
November 3, 1991
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
November 3, 1991
Johnson County Attorney J. Patrick
White said that Gang Lu, 28, had written five three-page letters saying
he intended to kill members of the university physics and astronomy
department who had bypassed his dissertation in favor of that of another
Chinese graduate student.
In a melee of no more than 10 minutes, the student,
Gang Lu swiftly moved through two university buildings, seeking out six
specific targets and shooting each person at close range with a .38-caliber
revolver before fatally turning the weapon on himself, the authorities
said here today. Four were killed immediately, a fifth died today and
the sixth victim is in critical condition.
Mr. Lu, who was also armed with a .22-caliber handgun
that apparently was not used in the shootings, believed he had been
wronged by the university, investigators said. A prestigious academic
award that carried a $1,000 prize was awarded to another physics student,
Linhua Shan, who was one of those killed.
University officials said Mr. Lu believed his
doctoral dissertation should have earned the prize. J. Patrick White,
the Johnson County attorney, added, however, that Mr. Lu's "perceived
grievances" were more wide ranging. He refused to elaborate. Letters
Tell of Plans
The discovery of five of Mr. Lu's letters after the
shootings has convinced investigators here that he had detailed plans to
inflict deadly violence on a number of university employees, Mr. White
said at a news conference at the university today.
Joined by the University of Iowa's president, Hunter
R. Rawlings 3d, and other university officials, Mr. White today painted
a portrait of a darkly disturbed man who drove himself to success and to
destruction.
Despite the perception of Mr. Lu among those who knew
him as an outstanding scholar in theoretical space physics, Mr. White
indicated that there was a sinister edge to Mr. Lu's character well
before the shootings.
In the letters, four written in English and intended
to be sent to news organizations, and one written in Chinese and
intended for his native Beijing, Mr. Lu reportedly named his victims,
said William Fuhrmeister, the university's public safety director. None
of the letters were ever mailed, the authorities said. Mr. Fuhrmeister,
the university's public safety director, said Mr. Lu had left
instructions with acquaintances to mail the letters. The letters were
apparently turned over to the authorities after the shootings.
In the letters, other targets besides the six
shooting victims were also named Mr. White said, but he and other
officials refused to disclose thier identities. Mr. Fuhrmeister said the
letter in Chinese had not yet been translated. Students Are Horrified
The four men who were killed outright, all members of
the department of physics and astronomy, died shortly after they were
shot in the head, investigators said. They were Christoph K. Goertz, 47,
professor of physics and astronomy; Dwight R. Nicholson, 44, professor
and chairman of the department; Robert Alan Smith, associate professor
of physics and astronomy, and and Mr. Shan, a research investigator in
physics and astronomy who came to the university in 1989.
The fifth victim, T. Anne Cleary, 56, associate vice
president of academic affairs, died of her wounds early this afternoon,
a spokeswoman for the University's hospital, here said.
The sixth victim, Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, 23, a
receptionist in Ms. Cleary's office, is critical condition, the hospital
spokeswoman said. There was no indication if Ms. Rodolfo-Sioson was an
intended target, said Mr. White. Students who were drawn from their
classrooms by the shooting described the scene as shocking and
horrifying. Students said both Van Allen Hall, which houses the Physics
Department, and Jessup Hall, the administration building where two
people were shot and Mr. Lu took his own life, were filled with blood
and confusion.
Today Van Allen Hall named for James Van Allen, a
professor at the university who discovered in 1958 the earth's radiation
belts since named for him, stood silent and dark. A yellow police tape
sealed off the building's many double-doored entrances.
Dr. Van Allen a professor emeritus of physics and
astronomy, was in the building when the shooting began at 3:42 P.M. "I
didn't hear anything," he said. "I was up on the seventh floor doing
some work. At about 3:45 P.M. a young colleague of mine dashed into the
office and said, 'I recommend you don't open the door until I hear it's
O.K.' "
President Rawlings called the shootings a "terrible,
terrible tragedy" when he returned to campus from Ohio after he learned
of the sudden violence in this ordinary peaceful college town of 50,000
people.
Classes will be canceled Monday as investigations
continue into the shootings, said Ann Rhodes, vice president of
university affairs.
University officials could not clearly define Mr.
Lu's capacity at the university at the time of the shootings. Mr. Lu who
has been a slightly built fixture of scholarship in the corridors and
laboratories of the hall was reportedly working in his laboratories.
Ms. Rhodes said Mr. Lu received his doctorate degree
from the university in May of this year.
"He was staying on to do some work in the laboratory
while looking for employment," she said. She added that she was unable
to say whether Mr. Lu was on the university's payroll.
Mr. Lu, like the slain Mr. Shan, was a native of the
People's Republic of China, and both had excelled in the study of
physics, said Jack Fix, the associate chairman for astronomy.
"He was extremely bright and capable," Dr. Fix said
of Mr. Lu. Later he added, that the murders represented a "great
professional loss in addition to a great personal loss."
Shortly after university officials completed their
press conference a number of Chinese students had their own. "Lu was
kind of isolated. Don't like to communicate with other students," said
Tao An. "It was his personality."
November 3, 1991
`His state of mind was that of a
premeditated, coldblooded murderer,' Johnson County Attorney J. Patrick
White said of Gang Lu, a former graduate student from China.
The Pittsburgh Press
November 3, 1991
Johnson County Attorney J. Patrick
White said at a news conference yesterday that Gang Lu, 28, wrote five
three-page letters saying he intended to kill members of the university
physics and astronomy department who bypassed his dissertation in favor
of another Chinese graduate student.
The Indianapolis Star
November 4, 1991
Paul Hansen, a research scientist in
the physics and astronomy department, said professors were 10 to 15
minutes into their weekly meeting Friday when Gang Lu stood up and shot
three people.
The Cincinnati Post
November 4, 1991
By Ruthanne Shpiner - BerkeleyDailyPlanet.com
Wednesday December 10, 2008
In November 1991 Miya was about to
graduate with high honors from the Global Studies program of the
University of Iowa. She worked as a temp for the university’s Grievance
Officer in the Academic Affairs Office.
Gang Lu, a new Ph.D., un-happy
because he was denied a major dissertation prize, en-tered the office on
November 1 and shot the Grievance Officer and Miya. She was the only
person not on his hit list, and the last of the six people he shot
before turning the gun on himself.
She was the sole survivor of the
shooting, living for more than 17 years afterward. As a result of her
injuries, she became a quadriplegic.
In 1996 she and Renato joined their
mother Sonya in Berkeley. There she was well-known and admired as an
active and successful champion for people with disabilities and a
fighter against injustice. She sat on the Berkeley Commission on
Disability from 1998 to 2006, serving as chair for part of that period.
In 2002 she was hired by the
nonprofit organization Swift USA. She was the program coordinator for
foreign ex-change high school students, matching them with local host
families and organizing tours, until the cancer diagnosed in May 2007
rendered her unable to perform her duties.
Miya was noted for her humility,
compassion, wry humor, gentle disposition and warm personality. She
avoided dwelling on the circumstances that resulted in her disability,
focusing instead on the present and moving forward.
She will long be remembered in
Berkeley by those who benefited from her work as well as her family and
many friends. Kelley Kolberg, Miya’s morning attendant, said of her, “My
job with Miya was one of the best I’ve ever had. I’ve never known a more
remarkable person, not to mention great friend.”
A documentary about Miya will come
out in early 2009.