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Dr.
Joseph Michael SWANGO
entenced
to life in prison, with a chance of parole after 20 years, in Ohio
on October 18, 2000
Swango was raised in Quincy, Illinois and graduated
as valedictorian for the 1972 Class of Quincy Catholic Boys High School
(now part of Quincy Notre Dame High School). He played clarinet and was
a member of the Quincy Notre Dame band. Although he attended a Catholic
school he was raised Presbyterian.
He served in the Marine Corps, receiving an honorable
discharge in 1980. He then attended Quincy College (now known as Quincy
University), and later Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.
Swango's troubles were first noticed during his time
at SIU. Although he was a brilliant student (he'd graduated summa cum
laude from Quincy College, and had won the American Chemical Society
Award), he was known as lazy, preferring to work as an ambulance
attendant rather than concentrate on his studies. Even at that young age,
he had a noticeable fascination with dying patients. Although no one
thought much of it at the time, many patients on which Swango was
assigned to do checkups ended up "coding," or suffering life-threatening
emergencies. At least five of them died.
Murders
Despite a very poor evaluation in his dean's letter
from SIU, Swango got a surgical internship at Ohio State University
Medical Center in 1983, to be followed by a residency in neurosurgery.
While he worked at the Rhodes Hall wing, nurses began noticing that
apparently healthy patients began dying mysteriously with alarming
frequency. Each time, Swango had been the floor intern. One nurse caught
him injecting some "medicine" into a patient who later became strangely
ill. The nurses reported their concerns to administrators, but were met
with accusations of paranoia. Swango was cleared by a cursory
investigation in 1984. However, his work had been so slovenly that he
was not hired as a resident physician after his internship ended in June.
In July 1984, Swango returned to Quincy and began
working as an emergency medical technician with the Adams County
Ambulance Corps even though he'd been fired from another ambulance
service for making a heart patient drive to the hospital. Soon, many of
the paramedics on staff began noticing that whenever Swango prepared the
coffee or brought any food in, several of them usually became violently
ill, with no apparent cause. In October of that year, Swango was
arrested by the Quincy Police Department who found arsenic and other
poisons in his possession.
On August 23, 1985, Swango was convicted of
aggravated battery for poisoning co-workers. He was sentenced to five
years imprisonment. His conviction set off recriminations at Ohio State.
A scathing review by Law School Dean James Meeks concluded that the
hospital should have called in the police, and also revealed several
glaring shortcomings in its initial investigation of Swango. Franklin
County, Ohio prosecutors also considered bringing charges of murder and
attempted murder against Swango, but decided against it for want of
physical evidence.
In 1991, Swango legally changed his name to Daniel
J. Adams and tried to apply for a residency program at Ohio Valley
Medical Center in Wheeling, West Virginia. In July 1992, he began
working at Sanford USD Medical Center in Sioux Falls. In both cases, he
forged several legal documents that he used to reestablish himself as a
physician and respected member of society. He forged a fact sheet from
the Illinois Department of Corrections that falsified his criminal
record, stating that he had been convicted of a misdemeanor for getting
into a fistfight with a co-worker and received six months in prison,
rather than the five years for felony poisoning that he actually served.
This was an important omission as most states will not grant a medical
license to a convicted felon, considering a felony conviction to be
evidence of unprofessional conduct. He forged a "Restoration of Civil
Rights" letter from Virginia Governor Gerald L. Baliles, falsely stating
that Baliles had decided to restore Swango's right to vote and serve on
a jury, based on "reports from friends and colleagues" that Swango had
committed no further crimes after his "misdemeanor" and was leading an "exemplary
lifestyle".
Swango established a sterling reputation at Sanford,
but in October made the mistake of attempting to join the American
Medical Association (AMA). The AMA did a more thorough background check
than the medical center, and found out about the poisoning conviction.
That Thanksgiving Day, The Discovery Channel aired an episode of Justice
Files that included a segment on Swango. Amid the AMA report and calls
from frightened colleagues, Sanford fired Swango. Kinney went back to
Virginia soon afterward after suffering from violent migraines. However,
after she left Swango, the headaches stopped.
Since the latest Swango incident took place at a VA
facility, federal authorities got involved. Swango dropped out of sight
until mid-1994, when the FBI found out he was living in Atlanta and
working as a chemist at a computer equipment company's wastewater
facility. Soon after the FBI alerted the company, Swango was fired for
lying on his job application. The FBI obtained a warrant charging Swango
with using fraudulent credentials to gain entry to a VA hospital.
By that time, however, Swango had fled the country.
In November 1994, he went to Zimbabwe and got a job at Mnene Hospital
based on forged documents. There again, his patients began dying
mysteriously. It took a year, however, for the poisonings to be traced
to him, and he was arrested in Zimbabwe. He was charged with poisonings
and retained prominent lawyer David Coltart, but he escaped from
Zimbabwe before his trial date, and hid in Zambia. A year and a half
later, in March 1997, he applied for a job at the Royal Hospital in
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, using a false résumé.
While all this was happening, VA OIG Criminal
Investigator Tom Valery consulted with Charlene Thomesen MD, a forensic
psychiatrist, to help him with the case. Because of her considerable
clinical expertise, she was able to review documents and evidence and
give a psychological profile of Dr. Swango, along with her assessment
why he had committed such horrendous crimes. Valery was called by the
FBI to discuss holding Swango; Valery called then DEA Basic Agent
Richard Thomesen who was stationed in the Manhattan DEA Office to
discuss the case. Thomesen's conversation focused on Swango lying on his
government application to work at the Department of Veterans Affairs,
where he prescribed narcotic medications. This and other evidence was
enough for Immigration and Naturalization Service agents to arrest
Swango in June 1997 while he was stopping over at Chicago-O'Hare
International Airport on his way to Saudi Arabia.
Faced with hard evidence of his fraudulent activities
and the possibility of an extended inquiry into his time in Zimbabwe,
Swango pleaded guilty to defrauding the government in March 1998. In
July 1998, he was sentenced to 3.5 years in prison. The sentencing judge
ordered that Swango not be allowed to prepare or deliver food, or have
any involvement in preparing or distributing drugs.
Swango was formally indicted on July 17 and pleaded
not guilty. However, on September 6, he pleaded guilty to murder and
fraud charges before Judge Jacob Mishler. Had he not done so, he faced
the possibility of the death penalty and extradition to Zimbabwe. At his
sentencing hearing, prosecutors read lurid passages from Swango's
notebook, describing the joy he felt during his crimes. Mishler
sentenced him to three consecutive life terms; he is currently
incarcerated at ADX Florence.
In his book Blind Eye, James B. Stewart (a
Quincy native) estimated that counting the suspicious deaths at SIU,
circumstantial evidence links Swango to 35 suspicious deaths. The FBI
believes he may be responsible for as many as 60 deaths, which would
make him the most prolific serial killer in American history. The case
was featured on the American crime show Unsolved Mysteries.
Modus operandi
Swango did not often vary his methods of murder. With
non-patients, such as his co-workers at the paramedic service, he used
poisons, usually arsenic, slipping them into foods and beverages. With
patients, he sometimes used poisons as well, but usually he administered
an overdose of whichever drug the patient had been prescribed, or wrote
false prescriptions for dangerous drugs for patients who did not need
them.
By Ikenna D. Ofobike - Thelanthern.cpm
October 19, 2000
A murder that has gone unpunished for 16 years was
settled in less than 30 minutes yesterday in the Franklin County
Courthouse. As expected, Michael J. Swango pleaded guilty to one count
of aggravated murder for the 1984 death of Cynthia Ann McGee at the Ohio
State University Medical Center.
Swango was sentenced to life in prison, with a chance
of parole after 20 years; however, he is already serving three
consecutive life sentences in a New York federal jail, with no chance of
parole.
The plea was delivered in front of a packed courtroom,
including media, friends and even a class of high school students in the
building for a yearly field trip. Despite the flood of media coverage
preceding Swango’s appearance in court, the hearing went smoothly,
quickly and unremarkably.
Prosecuting attorneys Ron O’Brien and Ed Morgan gave
a brief synopsis of the events leading up to yesterday’s hearing.
According to Morgan, Swango was notified of his unsatisfactory
performance through evaluations in early January 1984. On Jan. 14, he
began his one month rotation in the neurosurgery wing of the OSU Medical
Center, where five “very questionable” deaths occurred.
Swango showed no emotion as the attorneys detailed
his actions on the day he took the life of the 19-year-old McGee. On the
night of Jan. 14, 1984, McGee was suffering from a fever of 102-104
degrees. Swango was called to take a blood culture from McGee, which he
claimed to have performed at approximately 11:30 p.m.
At midnight, a code blue sounded and doctors rushed
to McGee’s room to find her unresponsive. The initial report quoted a
nurse as saying McGee had a “pale, dusty bluish look” at the time.
Although Swango was on the floor at the time of the code blue, he did
not respond.
Swango sat quietly in his seat during the proceedings,
his strawberry blond hair styled in a short crewcut. He made no sounds
and appeared almost uninterested in the process. When asked to make his
plea, Swango looked the judge in the eye and admitted his guilt in a
strong, clear voice.
Before passing sentence, Sadler took a few moments to
address Swango directly, telling him that patients entrusted him with
their safety when they entered the hospital. “You have betrayed that
trust and betrayed the medical profession,” Sadler said.
McGee’s parents are now living in Florida and did not
make the trip to Columbus for the hearing. However, their attorney,
Brian Miller, read a brief statement from them: “We would like to
express our gratitude to the federal investigators for putting Swango in
a place where he could not do harm to anyone else,” read Miller. “We are
saddened by the reopening of old wounds. ‘Time heals all wounds’ is just
a slogan. Not a day goes by when we do not think of Cindy."
By Charlei LeDuff - The New York Times
September 6, 2000
A former physician who the authorities say poisoned
patients from Ohio to Zimbabwe but continued to find medical jobs will
plead guilty in federal court Wednesday to charges that he killed three
patients at a Long Island hospital in 1993, prosecutors said today.
The former doctor, Michael J. Swango, will admit that
he murdered the three men with poison while working at the Northport
Veterans Affairs Medical Center on Long Island, according to Gary R.
Brown, the assistant United States attorney who is prosecuting the case.
Beyond that, Mr. Brown would offer no particulars about the plea
agreement.
But an official familiar with the negotiations
between prosecutors and lawyers for Mr. Swango, 45, said that by
accepting the deal he would avoid the death penalty in New York and
extradition to Zimbabwe, where the authorities have issued a warrant for
Mr. Swango's arrest on charges that he poisoned seven patients, five of
them fatally, when he worked there from November 1994 to July 1995.
The official said that the former doctor would also
plead guilty Wednesday before Judge Jacob Mishler of United States
District Court to mail and wire fraud charges. Within the description of
those charges, Mr. Swango is accused of assaulting two patients in
Africa, another elderly patient at the Veterans Hospital and a patient
at Ohio State University Hospitals, all of whom died in his care, the
official said.
Randi Chavis, a lawyer for Mr. Swango, would not
comment on the plea agreement.
With the agreement, prosecutors say they will close
the book on one of the most bizarre and unsettling stories in modern
medicine. It seemed that no matter where Mr. Swango went, allegations,
suspicion and death followed. According to the book ''Blind Eye: The
Terrifying Story of a Doctor Who Got Away With Murder'' (Simon &
Schuster, 1999), by James B. Stewart, questions about Mr. Swango began
to surface as early 1982, when he was a medical student at Southern
Illinois University. After an inordinate number of his patients died,
classmates called him Double-0 Swango, joking that he had a license to
kill.
Prosecutors believe that while working as an intern
the next year at Ohio State University Hospitals, Mr. Swango murdered or
tried to murder a number of patients by injecting them with poison. In
his plea, it is expected that Mr. Swango will also acknowledge that he
lied to the hospital investigators in connection with the death of the
Ohio State Hospitals patient, Cynthia McGee, 19, in January 1984.
Prosecutors said that Mr. Swango murdered her by giving her a potassium
injection that caused her heart to stop.
After several mysterious deaths, but no hard evidence,
the Ohio State University Hospitals ended Mr. Swango's neurosurgery
residency. He then returned home to Illinois, where he got a job as a
emergency medical technician with the Adams County Ambulance Service.
While working there, he got into a dispute with co-workers and laced
their doughnuts and coffee with ant killer. Five people became ill but
no one died. Mr. Swango served two years of a five-year sentence.
When released from prison, Mr. Swango applied to
residency programs in West Virginia and Iowa, but administrators noticed
his falsified records, and his applications were rejected. He tried a
third time in 1993 at the Veterans hospital in Northport, N.Y., and was
accepted. The day after he was hired, his first patient, Dominic
Buffalino, fell into a coma and died.
Three more patients died of lethal injections
delivered by Mr. Swango, prosecutors said: Thomas Sammarco, 73; George
Siano, 60; and Aldo Serini, all of Long Island. Mr. Swango will plead
guilty to their murders on Wednesday, prosecutors said.
Officials charged Mr. Swango with the three murders
in July, just as he was about to be released from prison in Colorado,
where he was serving a three-and-a-half-year term for lying his way into
the Northport hospital. After exhuming the men's bodies, forensic
experts determined that they had indeed been poisoned.
''I've heard the news this afternoon'' Mr. Siano's
stepdaughter, Roselinda Conroy, said today about the plea agreement. She
said she had always assumed that her father had died from natural
causes. ''I'm absorbing it,'' she said.
Relatives of Mr. Buffalino said that they were happy
that a serial killer would be removed from society, but would remain
dissatisfied until the cause of his death was properly identified. ''I'm
glad he can't kill anymore, but I would like to see some answers in
terms of my brother,'' said Andrew Buffalino, 70, of Huntington. ''My
interest now is one thing. I want to see an autopsy report.''
After Northport officials learned of Mr. Swango's
criminal record, they fired him. He became a physician at Mnene Mission
Hospital in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, using forged documents form the
Federation of State Medical Boards. He is still wanted in that country.
Mr. Swango was eventually arrested in 1997 in Chicago
while waiting for a flight to Saudi Arabia, where he had a new job as a
doctor.
History
Details of Swango's early life are
unclear, but he did serve in the Marine corps, receiving an honorable
discharge in 1980. From there he went to Southern Illinois University,
where he entered medical school.
Swango's troubles were first noticed
during his time at SIU. He had bad manners and no bedside manner. As
early as that, he had a noticeable fascination with dying patients. He
was also called lazy, and was nearly expelled after being caught
cheating during his OB/GYN rotation. In the end, the school let him
graduate if he repeated the course work.
Despite a poor recommendation from
SIU, Swango got a surgical internship at Ohio State University in 1983.
Nurses began noticing that apparently healthy patients on floors where
Swango worked began mysteriously dying with an alarming frequency. One
nurse caught him injecting some "medicine" into a patient who later
became strangely ill.
The nurses reported their concerns to the
administrators, but were met with accusations of paranoia. Only a
superficial investigation was conducted. But although Swango was cleared
by this investigation, Swango resigned under mysterious circumstances in
1984, and was not asked back to OSU because of concerns about his skill
as a surgeon.
In July of 1984, Swango returned to
Illinois and began working as an Emergency Medical Services technician.
Soon, many of the paramedics on staff began noticing that whenever
Swango prepared the coffee or brought any food in, several of them
usually became violently ill, with no apparent cause. In October of that
year, Swango was arrested by the Quincy, Illinois Police Department, who
found arsenic and other poisons in his possession. On August 23, 1985,
Swango was convicted of aggravated battery for poisoning co-workers at
the Adams County Ambulance Service. He was sentenced to five years in
prison.
After his release in 1991, Swango
forged several legal documents which he used to reestablish himself. He
forged a fact sheet from the Illinois Department of Corrections that
falsified his criminal record, stating he had been convicted of a
misdemeanor for getting into a fistfight with a co-worker and received
six months in prison, as opposed to the five years for felony poisioning
that he actually served.
He also forged a "Restoration of Civil Rights"
letter from the Governor of Virginia, falsely stating that the Governor
had decided to restore Swango's right to vote and serve on a jury, based
on "reports from friends and colleagues" that Swango had committed no
further crimes after his "misdemeanor" and was leading an "exemplary
lifestyle."
In 1991, Swango used an alias, David
J. Adams, to apply for a residency program in West Virginia. Then, in
July of 1992, he began working at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. A few months later, in December of that
year, Swango made the mistake of attempting to go from there to joining
the American Medical Association. The AMA did a more thorough background
check than the medical center, and discovered the poisoning conviction
in Swango's past. The AMA informed the medical center where Swango was
working, and the medical center discharged Swango quietly.
The AMA temporarily lost track of
Swango, who managed to get employed at the residency program at the
Northport Veterans Administration Medical Center, affiliated with the
State University of New York Medical School at Stony Brook School of
Medicine. This time, Swango posed as a psychiatry resident, and once
again his patients began dying for no explicable reason.
Four months
later, the Dean at South Dakota finally learned that Swango had moved to
New York, and placed a call to the dean at Stony Brook. Swango was
discharged in October. This time, the residency director learned from
past mistakes and sent a warning about Swango to over 125 medical
schools and over one thousand teaching hospitals across the nation.
Now that most of the hospitals in the
country had been warned about him, Swango had no choice but to practice
in another country. In November of 1994 he surfaced in Zimbabwe and got
a job at Mnene Hospital. There again, his patients began dying
mysteriously. It wasn't for another year, however, that the poisonings
were traced to him, and he was arrested in Zimbabwe. He was charged with
poisonings, but he escaped Zimbabwe before his trial date, and hid out
elsewhere in Africa and Europe. A year and a half later, in March of
1997, he applied for a job at the Royal Hospital in Dharan, Saudi
Arabia, using a false resumé.
In June of 1997, he began a double
flight from Africa to Saudi Arabia. He had a layover between flights at
O'Hare Airport in Chicago, Illinois, and it was there that he was
arrested by Federal authorities. Three years later, he was finally tried
for the murders he had committed in his medical practices. On July 11,
2000, Michael J. Swango pled guilty to killing three of his patients,
and fraud charges. He was sentenced to life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole.
Modus Operandi
Swango did not often vary his methods
of murder. With non-patients, such as his co-workers at the paramedic
service, he used poisons, usually arsenic, slipping them into foods and
beverages. With patients, he sometimes used poisons as well, but usually
he administered an overdose of whichever drug the patient had been
prescribed, or writing false prescriptions for dangerous drugs for
patients who did not need them.
Details of Swango's early life are
unclear, but he did serve in the Marine corps, receiving
an honorable discharge in 1980. From there he went to
Southern Illinois University, where he entered medical
school.
Swango's troubles were first noticed
during his time at SIU. He had bad manners and no
bedside manner. As early as that, he had a noticeable
fascination with dying patients. He was also called lazy,
and was nearly expelled after being caught cheating
during his obstetrics and gynaecology rotation. In the
end, the school let him graduate if he repeated the
course work.
The nurses reported their concerns to
the administrators, but were met with accusations of
paranoia. Only a superficial investigation was conducted.
But although Swango was cleared by this investigation,
Swango resigned under mysterious circumstances in 1984,
and was not asked back to OSU because of concerns about
his skill as a surgeon.
In July 1984, Swango returned to
Illinois and began working as an Emergency Medical
Services technician. Soon, many of the paramedics on
staff began noticing that whenever Swango prepared the
coffee or brought any food in, several of them usually
became violently ill, with no apparent cause. In October
of that year, Swango was arrested by the Quincy,
Illinois Police Department, who found arsenic and other
poisons in his possession.
On August 23, 1985, Swango was
convicted of aggravated battery for poisoning co-workers
at the Adams County Ambulance Service. He was sentenced
to five years imprisonment.
He also forged a "Restoration of
Civil Rights" letter from the Governor of Virginia,
falsely stating that the Governor had decided to restore
Swango's right to vote and serve on a jury, based on "reports
from friends and colleagues" that Swango had committed
no further crimes after his "misdemeanor" and was
leading an "exemplary lifestyle."
In 1991, Swango used an alias, David
J. Adams, to apply for a residency program in West
Virginia. Then, in July 1992, he began working at the
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, in Sioux Falls, South
Dakota.
A few months later, in December of
that year, Swango made the mistake of attempting to go
from there to joining the American Medical Association.
The AMA did a more thorough background check than the
medical center, and discovered the poisoning conviction
in Swango's past. The AMA informed the medical center
where Swango was working, and the medical center
discharged Swango quietly.
This time, Swango posed as a
psychiatry resident, and once again his patients began
dying for no explicable reason. Four months later, the
Dean at South Dakota finally learned that Swango had
moved to New York, and placed a call to the dean at
Stony Brook, Dr. Jordan Cohen. Swango was discharged in
October. This time, the residency director learned from
past mistakes and sent a warning about Swango to over
125 medical schools and over one thousand teaching
hospitals across the nation.
Now that most of the hospitals in the
country had been warned about him, Swango had no choice
but to practice in another country. In November 1994 he
surfaced in Zimbabwe and got a job at Mnene Hospital.
There again, his patients began dying mysteriously. It
was not for another year, however, that the poisonings
were traced to him, and he was arrested in Zimbabwe.
He was charged with poisonings, but
he escaped Zimbabwe before his trial date, and hid out
elsewhere in Africa and Europe. A year and a half later,
in March 1997, he applied for a job at the Royal
Hospital in Dharan, Saudi Arabia, using a false resumé.
Modus
Operandi
Swango did not often vary his methods
of murder. With non-patients, such as his co-workers at
the paramedic service, he used poisons, usually arsenic,
slipping them into foods and beverages. With patients,
he sometimes used poisons as well, but usually he
administered an overdose of whichever drug the patient
had been prescribed, or writing false prescriptions for
dangerous drugs for patients who did not need them.
It is estimated that, over the course
of his career, Swango killed anywhere between thirty and
sixty people, even though he was only convicted of three
of them.
Trivia
While he was in training, Swango's
colleagues gave him the nickname "Double-0-Swango" (a
play on James Bond's 007) because seemingly any patient
he came in contact with would soon die.
In 1999, Simon & Schuster published a
biography of Swango, entitled Blind Eye: How the
Medical Establishment Let a Doctor Get Away with Murder,
written by James B. Stewart.