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Bonnie Jordan
insists over and over to anyone who will listen that her sister Wendy,
39, was not a prostitute. Bonnie is convinced that Wendy had put that
part of her life behind her in the two years she had been off drugs.
Wendy was working a good job as a manager of a gas station in the
working class Detroit suburb of Royal Oak and didn't need to sell her
body on the cold streets of Detroit, Michigan.
"She may have
been that in the past when she was doing drugs," Bonnie admitted. "But
not when she died."
"Wendy had been
clean for two years," she added.
The new
millennium started on a tragic note for the Jordan family. They had last
seen Wendy at about 9 p.m. on New Year's Day when she left them at home
and said she was "going out." Wendy never returned and the family
learned two days later that the former addict's body had turned up in
the dirty water of the Rouge River in Dearborn Heights, an industrial
area of Detroit known more for its automobile plants than anything else.
Clearly, Wendy
Jordan had met with foul play. She had been strangled and her lifeless
body had been thrown from a bridge into the water.
In a strange
twist, police would learn too late that they had been closer than they
ever would have thought to Jordan's killer - and if the red tape of
bureaucracy had not slowed their investigation, authorities might have
been able to apprehend a murderer before he had the chance to kill
again.
As it stands
now, however, a cautious Wayne County Prosecutor's office allowed the
killer to remain on the loose and enabled him to slay three more women,
authorities said. Detroit area police are convinced that the man they
now have in custody is responsible for those four killings, plus the
murder of another reputed prostitute in December 1999.
But John Eric
Armstrong's list of killings could spread far beyond the city limits of
Detroit, or even the continental United States, for when authorities
finally collared Armstrong after a number of prostitutes reported that a
man fitting his description had been attacking them for weeks, the
26-year-old former Navy seaman admitted to as many as 30 murders in
countries such as Thailand, Singapore, Korea, Israel, and Hong Kong.
Detroit police
believe Armstrong's spree may have begun eight years ago, when he joined
the Navy in Raleigh, North Carolina. Detroit police and the FBI are
trying to match a list of Nimitz port visits between 1992 and April
1999, when Armstrong was discharged from the military, with a list of
unsolved killings in cities across the world. Detroit police believe
they can link Armstrong to the Detroit slayings and to three in Seattle,
two in Hawaii, two in Hong Kong, and one each in North Carolina,
Thailand, Singapore and Virginia. Other slayings may include prostitute
strangulations in Japan, Korea and Israel, police said.
If these
killings turn out to be true - and there is some evidence that
Armstrong's list of victims is not nearly as long as he says, -- then
the strawberry blond-haired, baby-faced 300-pound aircraft refueler
could be one of the most well-traveled serial killers in history.
Kelly Hood
Detroit,
Michigan -- March 2000
The prostitutes
who work the streets on Detroit's hardscrabble southwest side were
scared. Since the late spring, there had been a john on the prowl who
liked to play rough. A couple of hookers had been picked up by the guy
in the dark late model SUV and barely escaped with their lives. The man
looked innocent enough, but he had issues with women who sold it for
money. He had tried to choke them, and had talked about his hatred of
prostitutes while trying to strangle two of them.
Prostitutes make
easy targets for killers and sexual sadists, psychologists say. James
Fox, a criminal justice professor at Northeastern University in Boston
told the Detroit Free Press that such women are commonly attacked.
"They are the
most common target," Fox said. "They are women who get into cars and
find themselves at the mercy of strange men. For the killer, it is
psychologically easier to kill them because he already views them as
worthless sex machines who exist only to give pleasure."
The working
girls were scared, but that didn't stop Kelly Hood from continuing to
sell herself on the streets. She no longer had a choice. The drugs crack
and heroin were her masters now and she only knew one way to make enough
money to satisfy her need.
Hood had come
down to Detroit from Muskegon, a northern Michigan town that, despite
its smaller size, seemed to have a lot of the same problems that plague
the larger urban centers. Beneath its attractive appearance Muskegon has
more than its share of poverty and like a lot of Michigan cities that
survive on the generosity of the tourists, the city on Lake Michigan
changes in fits and starts depending on the economic cycles.
Kelly didn't
come to Detroit to be a prostitute and a drug addict. She moved to the
big city after meeting her future husband who worked on the line at the
Chrysler auto plant. They lived in a nice house in a working class
neighborhood in Detroit and settled down to raise their family. The
three children came quickly in succession; this year they turned 7, 8
and 9.
But five years
ago, something changed in Kelly and along with a friend she became a
user of crack cocaine and heroin: "chasing the dragon," in street
parlance. Soon, Kelly and her friend Linda were addicts and about a year
ago, she left her husband and children for a life on the streets as a
"buffer," or woman who engaged in prostitution to support her habit.
It was cold that
night but it wasn't too cold for a crack addict to be out on the streets
and it wasn't too cold for the man in the black Jeep to be out trying to
satisfy his own demon. Like Hood, the man was not a native to the Motor
City, but unlike her, he had only recently arrived in town after a
nondescript Navy career. In the waning hours of the night, he prowled
the dark city streets.
Driving down
Michigan Avenue, the man spotted Kelly Hood standing beneath the street
lamp, her fake-rabbit fur jacket pulled up high around her ears in
contrast to the short skirt she wore. The man's demon spoke to him and
he pulled the Jeep to the side. She was the one.
There was still
one rational part of his mind left and the man argued with himself about
whether to stop or not. This was different than the other times...He was
soiling his own nest here, this wasn't any three-day furlough: he lived
here and that meant he could get caught. The demon inside his head
laughed. Hadn't he gotten away with it before? Hadn't the police tried
to trap him into admitting he killed that other woman, and hadn't he
managed to throw them off?
"Howzitgoin,"
Hood said to the man snapping him back to reality. "Wanna party?" She
asked.
He said nothing
as he leaned over and opened the door. The dome light flicked on and in
the dim light Kelly Hood got a good look at the last face she would ever
see.
The man was
young, but his hairline was already receding. He wore glasses and he
sported a three-day growth of blond beard. He was a big man, nearly 300
pounds, but built like a power forward. The two of them haggled for a
moment about the particulars of their transaction and, satisfied that
the man wasn't a cop, Hood got in the Jeep.
The inside of
the Jeep was warm and inviting and Hood directed the man to drive about
a block away and turn down an alley. Without comment he did so. He
pulled the Jeep far into the alleyway and took it out of gear.
Turning to Kelly
Hood, he muttered something under his breath.
"Huh?" she
asked, her mind on the rocks of crack this trick would bring her.
The man's hands
seemed huge to Kelly as they lunged forward and closed around her neck.
"I said, I hate
whores," the man growled as he choked the life out of her.
Cat and Mouse
Dearborn Heights
-- January 2000
The way Wendy
Jordan's body had been discovered was puzzling to the police.
"Let me get this
straight," the investigating detective was saying to the big man. "You
were out for a walk and you were gonna puke so you went over to the side
of the bridge and while you were heaving, you saw the body?"
The man was
adamant.
"That's pretty
much the way it happened," Eric Armstrong replied. "How many times do
you want me to tell it. I'm not the bad guy, here. I called you guys,
remember?"
That didn't mean
much, the cop thought to himself. It wouldn't be the first time that a
killer had caused his own arrest for the sake of notoriety or
excitement.
****
"You are dealing
with a sadist," state prison psychologist Richard Walter told the Free
Press. A serial killer likes to "play cat-and-mouse with the police;
catch me if you can and you terrorize the community at large. Generally,
it's their arrogance that gets them done in."
Armstrong had
called Dearborn Heights police just a few days before, right around the
first of the year to report a woman's body in the Rouge River. It was
Wendy Jordan, a former drug addict and prostitute, whose family had
filed a missing persons report on New Year's Day.
Armstrong had
been taking a walk, he said, when he began to feel ill. He was atop a
bridge spanning the icy water of the Rouge River and as he leaned over
the side, he saw something on the riverbank twenty feet below. Looking
closer, he told the police, he recognized that it was a body. That was
when he dialed 911 and summoned the authorities.
Wendy Jordan had
been strangled, a preliminary examination revealed, and there was some
evidence of a struggle. She had recently had sexual intercourse and a
semen sample was taken. That would go a long way toward helping
authorities confirm the identity of her killer.
Not only were
police a little skeptical about Armstrong's account of how he found the
body, they would later find additional witnesses who said they saw
Armstrong on the bridge before he claimed he happened upon the scene.
"He was an
oddball," Royal Oak Police Sgt. James Serwatowski told the press.
Armstrong vehemently denied having anything to do with Jordan's death,
but sometimes when investigators were going over his story and pointing
out where it diverged from known facts, Armstrong would hang his head
and close his eyes, Serwatowski said.
"He'd never
admit to anything, but he wouldn't argue either," he said.
Other officers
on the case had already begun to investigate Armstrong. He hadn't been
in town that long, having just been discharged from the U.S. Navy. He
had been working as a refueler at Detroit's Metro Airport, putting the
skills he had learned in the navy to work. Prior to taking that job,
Armstrong had been a security guard in Novi, a well-to-do suburb north
of Detroit, and a clerk at a Target store.
Police talked to
Armstrong's neighbors who could shed little light on the newcomer. The
only suspicious activity anyone could report was the day Armstrong left
about 5 a.m. and returned an hour later.
What day was
that, the neighbor was asked.
It turned out to
be New Year's Day, the date Wendy Jordan was killed.
The authorities
decided to put a little pressure on Armstrong, to see how he would fare.
They tipped their hand a little.
"We're going to
be watching him," they told one neighbor. "If he leaves with a lot of
luggage, please give us a call."
Police continued
to watch Armstrong, and he complained to neighbors that they were
harassing him.
Police Close
In
Dearborn
Heights -- February 2000
There was some
physical evidence available to investigators working on the Jordan
homicide. They had what was presumably the killer's DNA and the medical
examiner's office had found tiny fibers on Jordan's clothes that
probably came from a vehicle she had been in shortly before she was
dumped in the river. Tests were in the works to try and identify which
type of vehicle, but without something to match them to, identifying a
suspect would be difficult.
On the
theoretical side, investigators' instincts continued to point them in
Armstrong's direction. He didn't look like a killer, sure, but that
didn't mean anything. There were just a number of things in his past
that looked suspicious.
"Take that last
run-in with the police," one detective said as he and his partner were
revisiting the Rouge River crime scene one more time.
The Dearborn
Heights police had run a computer check on Armstrong and found out that
he had been investigated for filing a false police report in Novi.
Novi police told
them Armstrong had placed a 911 call from his job as a security guard in
early November to report that he had been attacked while breaking up a
robbery. Investigating officers found Armstrong bleeding from
superficial wounds to the face and arms. The officers immediately
suspected something was amiss, and it didn't take Armstrong long to
admit he had cut himself with a scalpel and fabricated the whole story.
"Apparently he
just wanted to attract attention to himself; something sensational,
which seems to be part of his make-up," said Novi Police Chief Doug
Shaefer.
The fake report
cost Armstrong his job.
Investigators
paid a visit to Armstrong at home and he consented to allow them to
gather fibers from his car and to give them a blood sample.
The officers
quickly shipped the samples off to the State Police crime labs in
Lansing, Michigan and waited for the results. Armstrong wasn't going
anywhere, they theorized and at that time, authorities had no reason to
believe he was involved in anything other than Jordan's murder. What
they didn't know was that Monica Johnson of Detroit, the 31-year-old
prostitute whom police found unconscious and barely alive near
Interstate 94, had also been intimate with Armstrong. Johnson, a mother
of four, would die at Ford Hospital in Detroit before talking to
authorities.
And what they
could never predict was that their diligence in seeking more evidence,
their quest to build a strong case, would give Armstrong time to kill
again.
Armstrong's
neighbors, who had known him as a quiet, unassuming man for almost a
year, had no reason to suspect anything was amiss.
The police had
been to the small two-story bungalow that Armstrong, his wife and son
shared with some in-laws, but the neighbors just assumed that was
because Eric had been unfortunate enough to stumble across Jordan's
body.
"He told me he
felt the police were harassing him," one neighbor told the Detroit News.
"But none of us suspected anything."
The Deadly
Delay
Detroit --
March 2000
Law enforcement
agencies make a distinction among the different kinds of repeat killers.
Mass murderers are sociopaths like Columbine's Harris and Klebold who do
all of their killing at one time. They are the kind of killers who often
plot and plan their attacks over a period of time, with the intent of
making a big statement in a single incident. They are like a supernova:
they explode upon the scene in a bright fury of death and are
immediately gone, leaving destruction in their wake.
Then there are
spree killers, who are rarer. They are the type who flame out over a
short period of time, usually a few days. Killers like Charles
Starkweather are spree killers. They are the meteorites of the
psychopath universe, burning out brilliantly over a short period of
time.
Serial killers
are different. They are rarely in a hurry. They are methodical in their
carnage. Serial killers are the comets. They blaze through the night and
disappear into the blackness only to return again and again to kill.
Organized serial
killers, according to models developed by the FBI and other experts,
target strangers and tend to travel some distance from home to kill.
And prostitutes
tend to be among the most likely victims in terms of serial killers,
said Deborah Laufersweiler-Dwyer, associate professor of criminal
justice at the University of Arkansas.
"Nobody's going
to necessarily note someone picking up a prostitute and they tend to go
with anyone easily," she said.
Research shows,
she said, that organized serial killers are typically sociopaths who
have a problem with authority.
"They don't like
rules, they think they can make up the rules as they go along," she
said.
The Dearborn
Heights police had no reason to suspect that they were dealing with a
serial killer, so they had no reason to rush their investigation of
Wendy Jordan's murder. The poor woman was dead, screwing up the probe so
that a killer could walk would do no one any good. Nevertheless,
investigators felt they had their man. When the tests came back
indicating that the fibers on Wendy's body matched those in Armstrong's
Jeep, the police went to the prosecutor's office in the hope of getting
a warrant.
But they were
turned away.
The Wayne County
prosecutor's office has a policy not to issue an arrest warrant for a
homicide until the State Police lab has issued its final report, and the
Dearborn Heights police only had preliminary results linking Armstrong
to Jordan.
Armstrong would
remain on the street.
About the time
Dearborn Heights police were waiting for more than just an oral report
that the DNA had matched up, Wilhelmenia Drane was waiting for a bus
along Michigan Avenue when she accepted a ride from a man in a black
Jeep.
She would later
tell police that the man stopped on a side street and told her he needed
to get something from his coat.
The man, who she
identified as Eric Armstrong, went for her throat instead.
"His hand
reached out and grabbed my neck," she said. "I was lucky I was wearing a
scarf. He got my scarf and had a hold of me real tight."
Drane fought
back and managed to knock Armstrong's glasses from his face.
"His fingers
were around my windpipe," she said. Near unconsciousness and in a state
of panic, Drane managed to reach into her coat and grab a can of pepper
spray.
"I sprayed him
in the face with it," she recalled. "And then I jumped out of the car."
Even though the
police were closing in on him and one victim had managed to escape,
Armstrong's demons still hounded him, demanding that he kill.
He continued to
return to the Michigan Avenue area and over the next few weeks he had
sex with and assaulted several more prostitutes in his Jeep. Authorities
said Armstrong also killed Kelly Hood, Rose Marie Felt, 32, of Detroit
and Nicole Young, an 18-year-old Chicago woman who was brought to
Detroit by her boyfriend, forced into prostitution and abandoned.
The Trap is
Set
Detroit -
April 2000
The neighborhood
where Military and Southern streets intersect in southwest Detroit is a
relatively safe one. Contrary to popular opinion, the crime level in
Detroit is no better or worse than any other large city and the Motor
City no longer must wear the unfortunate mantle of Murder Capital of the
United States.
The
Military/Southern area is lined with the homes of hardworking, decent
law-abiding citizens and residents are not used to hearing gunfire or
the sharp report of a weapon. They are accustomed, however, to the loud
sounds of Conrail freight trains, carrying supplies to the Detroit
industrial plants or taking newly built cars to destinations unknown.
One of those
trains, no one knows if it was incoming or outgoing, was plodding
through the neighborhood on the morning of April 10, 2000 when someone
aboard noticed a grisly sight. Beside the tracks lay the bodies of three
women in varying stages of decomposition.
The Detroit
police responding to the call from the train arrived to find the bodies
of Hood, Felt and Young. Based on their condition, it was clear to
investigators that the women had not been killed at the same time.
More than 80
police officers, along with crime lab personnel and canine units
converged on the scene and immediately cordoned off the area. The bodies
of the three women were not removed until early evening.
Interestingly,
police located a fourth body near the site, but believe that corpse is
from an unrelated murder.
Technicians
determined that Hood had been dumped three weeks prior, sometime in
mid-March. Felt's body had been there about a month. Nicole Young had
apparently been murdered sometime within 12 hours of the discovery of
the bodies.
Almost
immediately, the authorities let it be known that they were tracking a
serial killer.
"When you kill
three people on three separate occasions, and leave them in the same
location, then yes," you have a serial killer, Detroit Police Chief
Benny Napoleon told the Detroit Free Press. "It's very serious and we're
taking it very seriously as a department."
By the end of
the day, a multi-jurisdictional force comprised of the Detroit Police
Sex Crimes Unit, the Violent Crimes Task Force, the FBI, the Michigan
State Police, Conrail Railroad Police and the Wayne County Medical
Examiner's Office was formed to investigate the slayings.
Napoleon
recalled the last serial killer in Detroit: During a nine-month period
in 1991 and 1992, a serial killer raped and strangled 11 women, many of
whom had histories of prostitution and drug abuse. Several of the
victims were found in abandoned motels and other derelict buildings near
Woodward Avenue in Detroit and Highland Park.
Benjamin (Tony)
Atkins, 29, was convicted of the murders. He died in September 1997,
just four years into the 11 life terms he was serving for the slayings.
Atkins said he was driven by a hatred of prostitution.
In contrast to
the Dearborn Heights investigation, which was moving along at a slow,
careful pace, the Detroit police force sprung into action. Investigators
linked three reported assaults of prostitutes with the murders of Hood,
Felt and Young. Using descriptions provided by the women (and one
transvestite) who had escaped the killer, they began round-the-clock
patrols of the high-traffic areas where Detroit's prostitutes converged.
They focused on
the Michigan Avenue and Livernois corridor after consulting with the FBI
agents who created a profile of the killer. It was likely that whoever
was targeting the prostitutes would return there for another victim.
They didn't
have long to wait.
Armstrong was
arrested at 12:30 a.m. Wednesday April 12, 2000 in his Jeep Wrangler.
Police brought him in for questioning.
Confession
The brazen young
man who stood up to the Dearborn Police was gone. The Detroit
authorities confronted Armstrong with an overwhelming pile of evidence
and he quickly broke down.
All the years of
torment finally broke free and Armstrong's mental state began to
collapse, police said.
"He expressed
remorse several times and was crying like a baby," said Assistant Police
Chief Marvin Winkler. "Basically, he told us he either killed or tried
to kill every prostitute he'd ever had sex with."
Even though the
Detroit police had linked Armstrong to the three bodies found in the
railroad yard, they had no idea at the time that they might have had the
farthest-roaming serial killer in history in custody.
Armstrong was in
a cathartic state, authorities said. His confession, which began shortly
after he was arrested, was like a litany of horror. Dates, details,
events, killings, assaults all came spewing out in a torrent. Armstrong
told police about killings in Washington State, in Hong Kong, Thailand,
in Hawaii and the Middle East.
In Seattle, he
said, he killed a man after an argument. He killed two prostitutes
there, as well, according to initial police reports. Another prostitute
was murdered in Spokane, he told them. All in all, Armstrong, between
his arrest Wednesday and arraignment Friday, shared details about as
many as 30 killings.
In Norfolk,
Virginia, Armstrong's confessions have revitalized at least one stalled
murder investigation.
The body of a
34-year-old woman was found in Norfolk on March 5, 1998, four days after
the Nimitz docked in its homeport, Newport News, 12 miles away. Linette
Hillig, who had a string of prostitution arrests, was discovered behind
a bingo parlor. She may have been sexually assaulted, authorities said.
Armstrong reportedly told investigators that he had strangled the woman
in Virginia and driven over her body with his Jeep.
"Once he began
to talk, he was freely giving very intimate details about the case,"
said Detective James Hines of the Wayne County Sheriff's Office. "His
demeanor was shifting quite often from being calm to irritable to
sometimes sad."
Hines also told
the Detroit Free Press that Armstrong described in great detail each of
the killings, giving details only the killer would know.
"His mood would
fluctuate from calm to an appearance of anger. But the anger didn't
appear to be sincere," Hines said.
The Model
Sailor
When the story
broke that Detroit police had arrested a man who may have used the
aircraft carrier Nimitz, the largest sailing vessel in the world and one
of the most powerful weapons of war ever conceived, as his means to
travel the world to kill, the Detroit police department was inundated
with contacts from around the globe.
"There's a bunch
of people I've never seen before in our office," said Detroit Police
Sgt. Arlie Lovier, who had been interrogating Armstrong.
The FBI, the
office of the U.S. Naval Criminal Investigative Service and police
officials from Washington State all joined in on the investigation.
Authorities from the Far East have reopened cases in hopes of finally
solving some of their unfinished investigations. Agents in 38 FBI
foreign offices began probes into unsolved killings.
Almost as
quickly as they began to promote the idea of a globetrotting serial
killer, authorities began to back away.
"There are gaps
in his timeline we are concerned about," said one Detroit police
commander. "Nothing outside of Michigan has been confirmed yet."
Investigators
are looking at Armstrong's life, trying to find a clue to what might
have set him off. Predictably, the reports that are coming in paint a
picture of seeming normality on the surface of Armstrong's life.
"He was a very
smart boy," said a schoolmate of Armstrong's. "You would never have
thought he would do the things he is accused of doing."
Said another
acquaintance: "He was a basic high school student. He tried to fit in
with everyone else."
The district
attorney in Armstrong's hometown of New Bern, North Carolina, was hard
pressed to identify Eric Armstrong.
"Some folks grow
up and leave a footprint," said David McFadyen. "He was just somebody
that didn't leave a footprint."
Shipmates
recalled a quiet man known as "Opie" who was the kind of man "moms want
their kids to meet."
While there are
conflicting reports as to what Armstrong's job was on the Nimitz -- he
has been described in various reports as a mechanic and a barber - his
tour of duty aboard the ship was unremarkable; in fact, he seemed to
excel as a sailor.
"I just can't
believe this guy would do something like that," said Jhun Esteves of
Bremerton, who was Armstrong's chief petty officer aboard USS Nimitz
from 1994 to 1997.
"He was my
sailor of the month at one time," he said. "This guy had an unblemished
record aboard the ship when he was working for me."
Armstrong's
wife, pregnant with their second child, doesn't believe her husband
could be responsible for these killings, authorities said.
"She's in
extreme denial," Hines said. "Apparently she didn't want to hear what I
had to say." Hines had to hang up on Katie Armstrong after a minute-long
conversation when she wouldn't stop yelling.
"She was a very
loud and rambunctious woman," he said.
Epilogue
In the Wayne
County Jail, Armstrong is being held in the psychiatric observation
unit, where he is under closer than normal scrutiny. In his sole
appearance in court, a clearly distraught Armstrong was quiet and
contrite. His only comment to the media was a mumbled, "sorry."
Meanwhile,
authorities around the world are tracking down leads, trying to
determine if Armstrong's story is true.
They are
hampered in many places by poor record keeping or unsophisticated
investigations. For his part, Armstrong's attorney doubts that his
client has left a string of bodies across the globe.
He is a "very
distraught and very disturbed young man who has emotional problems that
emanated many, many years ago," said the lawyer.
"You will see
that some of it arises out of his compassion," said attorney Robert
Mitchell. "It's quite a story. Quite a story."
Wayne County
Assistant Prosecutor Elizabeth Walker looks at compassion differently.
"I have enough
people I have real compassion about -- five are dead and three got
away," she said.
For the friends
and family of the victims, there is little solace in knowing that the
man accused of these killings is in custody.
"Think about all
the other sisters and wives, said Kelly Hood's younger sister. "Not
everyone has a perfect life, but they all had families somewhere."
"I'm still numb
about it," she went on. "My sister had a good husband and a good family.
She always had a heart of gold."
Bibliography
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relatives say."
Bremerton
(Wash.) Sun. April 17, 2000. "Mother: The son we raised was not a
killer."
Clarkson,
Wensley. 1999. The Railroad Killer: Tracking Down one of the Most Brutal
Serial Killers in History. St. Martin's Press, Inc.
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April 13, 2000. "Man in custody in Detroit linked to local slaying" The
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Sun.
DNA samples taken from car
Police suspected him in Jordan's death and had taken
DNA samples from his car. They were awaiting final test results when the
bodies were discovered Monday, Tomkiewicz said.
Special Agent John Bell of the FBI said the
investigation would take months to complete as U.S. authorities deal
with their counterparts in other countries.