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United States Distric Court
Northern District of Ohio

Tyrone Noling was sentenced to death for the murders of Bearnhardt and Cora Hartig, both 81. The crime occurred in Atwater Township, Portage County, Ohio on April 5, 1990.

According to the series of articles in The Plain Dealer, Noling was involved in the robberies of two other elderly couples, so he might appear a suspect.

However, his defense asserts: Noling, 18, was an amateur robber, who had fled from a robbery "like a scared rabbit" when his gun accidentally discharged into a victim's hardwood floor; the robberies occurred in Noling's neighborhood while the Hartig murders occurred in a secluded area 15 miles away; no physical evidence connects Noling; nothing was stolen from the Hartig's.

By Mike Sever - Recordpub.com

August 9, 2009

In 1996, Tyrone L. Noling of Alliance was convicted and sentenced to death for the double murder of Bernhardt and Cora Hartig, an elderly Atwater couple who were slain in 1990.

Noling as always said he didn’t kill the Hartigs. He is hoping the Ohio Innocence Project, which has exonerated eight other Ohio inmates, will help prove that.

In July, attorneys from Weil, Gotshal and Manges LLP, a Washington, D.C. law firm, published ads in the Record-Courier offering a $1,000 reward to the first person to come forward with information resulting in Noling’s exoneration and release.

Noling’s is the first case the three attorneys have done through the Ohio Innocence Project at the University of Cincinnati College of Law.

Ralph Miller, a partner in the firm, and associates Stephen Gibbons and Jennifer Wine are working for free.

“What we are doing in part is trying to make up for the lack of resources originally,” Gibbons said.

The attorneys have spent months combing through hundreds of pages of testimony, interviews and interrogation reports.

“Some of these tips we’ve received say they’ve given a statement to police that we’ve never seen,” Miller said.

 There was no physical evidence linking Noling or three other young men to the crime. They were dropped as suspects early in the investigation, but Prosecutor David Norris reopened the investigation five years later.

Noling’s three friends implicated him, but all three recanted their confessions. One, Gary St. Clair, reversed his story during Noling’s trial.

St. Clair pleaded guilty to the slayings in 1993 and is serving a 20-year to life prison sentence.

Noling was found guilty of two counts of aggravated murder and aggravated robbery and one count of aggravated burglary in January 1996. He has lost several court appeals. He is on death row at the Ohio State Penitentiary near Columbus.

The ads have resulted in “some very helpful stuff,”  said Miller. The ads have spurred calls “and a couple of nice leads to follow up on,” he said.

Response to the ads falls in two camps, he said — people who offer leads, and people who are still interested in the case and “want to know who the true perpetrators” of the murders are.

“We have no dispute with the people of Portage County who investigated this,” Miller said. “We’re trying to protect the people of the community. This was a horrible double murder. If (the real killer) is still out there, they need to be found.”

The Hartigs were killed the afternoon of April 5, 1990 inside the kitchen of their modest, three-bedroom home on Moff Road. Mr. Hartig suffered three gunshot wounds — two to his chest and one to his shoulder. Mrs. Hartig was shot five times in her face, chest, back and arm.

Their bodies weren’t found until a neighbor’s son went to check on them after his parents noted Mr. Hartig’s lawn tractor had sat out in the weather for two days — something that never happened before.

“It seems people in Portage County have very long memories and believe what we believe, that something is not right in this case,” Miller said.

A .25-caliber handgun Noling had stolen in a robbery days before in Alliance was proved not to be the murder weapon, which was never recovered.

“If that gun could be found it could be matched” to the bullets and shells from the scene, Miller said.

Investigating a murder now nearly 20 years old is difficult. Possible witnesses and suspects have died, memories fade.

But also may be an advantage. People may have known something but not spoken up because they wanted to protect them. The situation may have changed. Somebody may have told someone about it; that they know who did it. Someone may have found a gun in an estate sale, Miller said.

“We feel the answer to this does lie with the public,” Wine said.

“We’re not trying to get anybody convicted or prove who did it. We’re just trying to prevent a double murder from becoming a triple murder,” with Noling’s execution, Gibbons, said.

“Killing an innocent person just diminishes the entire justice system,” Miller said.

Andrea Simakis - Plain Dealer

Saturday, February 02, 2008

U.S. District Judge Donald Nugent denied an appeal by Ohio death row inmate Tyrone Noling Friday and issued an order saying Noling - convicted of gunning down an elderly couple - can't take his case to a higher federal court.

Ohio public defenders will ask the 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for permission to continue Noling's legal battle to prove he didn't murder Cora and Bearnhardt Hartig in Portage County in 1990.

No physical evidence linked Noling to the crime. Prosecutors relied on the statements of three others who said they were with Noling the day of the shootings. One of them, a teenager named Butch Wolcott, said he had seen Noling running from the house, a smoking gun in his hand.

A jury sentenced Noling to death in 1996. A year later, Wolcott and the two others who placed Noling at the crime scene signed affidavits saying their confessions were false, the result of pressure from prosecutors. Noling is innocent, they said.

A succession of appellate judges, including Nugent, have refused to allow Wolcott and the others to tell their stories in court.

In his 93-page opinion, Nugent wrote that to win his appeal, Noling "must show that he is probably innocent" but had fallen short of that standard.

It was too late to argue the lack of physical evidence, Nugent wrote - Noling's lawyers should have made that argument 10 years ago on direct appeal.

The judge dismissed the co-defendants' recantations, saying the statements weren't credible because they had "obvious interest in Noling's exoneration."

One is in prison for his role in the murders and another is serving time for an unrelated crime.

The judge didn't deal with the statements of Wolcott, who won immunity from prosecutors for his testimony against Noling during the original trial.

Wolcott had nothing to gain by admitting he lied on the stand and pointed a finger at Noling, said Noling's attorney, Kelly Culshaw. "[Wolcott] could have been charged with perjury," she said.

Judge Nugent wrote that to believe the co-defendants' affidavits "would require this court to accept that they had absolutely no involvement in the Hartig murders despite the fact that they were able to supply the police with multiple details of how it occurred."

Wolcott and the others have maintained they were able to give painstaking details about the crime only after an overzealous investigator coached them so they would sound convincing on the stand.

Noling still has an appeal pending in state court.

The Unlikely Triggerman

Nothing about the double homicide seemed to finger Tyrone Noling. Even the former sheriff doesn't believe he should be on death row.

By Martin Kuz - Clevescene.com

Sep 10, 2003

A light snow was falling as Jim Davis eased into the driveway of his mother's house in Atwater Township. He noticed an orange garden tractor parked on the lawn of her neighbors, Bearnhardt and Cora Hartig. That's odd, Davis thought. He'd grown up next door to the couple and knew their fastidious ways, how Bearnhardt fussed over his equipment and yard, how Cora kept the ranch home neat as a church.

A short time later, Davis's mother arrived and mentioned that the tractor had sat out for two days. So he offered to check on the Hartigs, both 81.

No one answered when Davis knocked. Peering through the front-door window, he saw why -- Cora and Bearnhardt lay side by side on the kitchen floor.

The smell of death met police as they entered the house. Ten .25-caliber shell casings formed a crude outline of the couple's bodies. Five slugs had torn open Cora; three had pierced her husband.

The home bore signs of a search. Business papers pulled from a desk were strewn across the living room, while kitchen cabinets and dresser drawers stood open. But nothing appeared stolen. Whoever shot the Hartigs ignored the rings they wore and the wallet in Bearnhardt's pants. Watches and jewelry, cash, TVs and assorted electronics -- all remained.

The only things the killer failed to leave behind, it seemed, were fingerprints and forensic clues.

*****

Authorities pegged the time of death as late afternoon on April 5, 1990. Around noon that day, Tyrone Noling rapped on the door of Suzanne and Fred Murphy's home in Alliance. His car had broken down, and he wondered if he could call a friend.

Perhaps most baffling, the lawyers aired nothing about possible clues linking the Hartigs' insurance agent to the killings.

"I was never confident with these boys being the suspects," says P. Ken Howe, the Portage County sheriff when the murders took place. "It just didn't fit."

*****

Holding the .12-gauge in his hands, Noling recalls thinking, "People will give you money if you point this thing at them."

On April 4, he pointed it at James and Rose Hughes in their living room. Noling and St. Clair had duped the elderly couple with the broken-car ruse, apparently surprising themselves in the process. Police files show that Noling jabbered with the Hugheses for several minutes, even allowing James to call his son, a tow-truck driver. Only when there was no answer did Noling draw the shotgun from beneath his trench coat.

"I'll blow your fucking brains out!" he screeched.

He handled most of the robbery while St. Clair sat on the couple's couch and watched Oprah. They escaped with $375, a VCR, and fistfuls of jewelry -- though Noling relented when James begged to keep his wedding band. Noling also nabbed the .25 he would brandish at the Murphys the next afternoon.

But two robberies in as many days turned the neighborhood into a cop magnet. Acting on a tip, officers raided the party house on April 9. St. Clair confessed almost as soon as he arrived at the police station, records reveal. When a detective informed Noling that his pal had blabbed, he replied, "I might as well tell you too, turn on the tape . . ."

Then the questions switched to the topic of a double homicide.

"I was freaking," he says. "I knew I was going to jail -- I knew I was in trouble. But murder? What?"

The robberies shared enough obvious parallels with the Hartig killings -- the timing, the elderly victims, the use of a .25 -- to make him a plausible suspect. Detectives reasoned that his threats of harm against the first two couples might have escalated into violence against the Hartigs.

Still, the premise would seem to require that, in four hours, Noling's bravado and IQ swelled as rapidly as his lust for loot shrank.

In that span, the "scared rabbit" who fled the Murphys would need to gain the brutal poise to pump eight shots into the Hartigs -- while coolly pausing to reload. He would need to acquire a hitman's aptitude for covering forensic tracks. Finally, he would need to forgo the cash, jewelry, and electronics of two corpses -- swag he so eagerly took off his living victims.

"It doesn't add up," says Columbus attorney John Gideon, who's representing Noling in his appeals. In court documents, Gideon portrays the shootings as "professional hit style murders" carried out by a person searching for a specific item. "If it was Tyrone and his pals trying to get valuables, why would they go all that way and then leave behind all this stuff?"

Sheriff's investigators reached a similar conclusion. Duane Kaley, now the Portage County sheriff, served as lead detective on the Hartig case. He visited Wolcott and his father a month after the slayings. Wolcott claims the conversation ended with Kaley telling them, "I don't think these boys had anything to do with it."

Kaley did not return calls for comment. But ex-sheriff Howe, his former boss, confirms that detectives discarded Noling and the others as suspects early on. In April 1991, one year after the murders, The Record-Courier quoted him as saying leads in the probe had iced over.

The next month, a man named Daniel Wilson confessed to shoving a woman into the trunk of her car and lighting it on fire in Elyria. Police checking his potential ties to other recent murders learned that he lived a mile from the Hartigs at the time of the shootings.

Though authorities rejected Wilson as a suspect within days, the episode tweaked the ego of David Norris, then the Portage County prosecutor. A high-profile murder -- one still snagging headlines -- languished unsolved on his turf. He directed one of his investigators, Ron Craig, to crack open the Hartig file.

Precisely what convinced Craig to stalk Noling after detectives ruled him out remains unknown. He did not respond to Scene's interview requests.

Regardless, Gideon argues in court papers that Craig acted as a heavy-handed tailor, stitching together a case out of unrelated events, coincidences, and naked lies. The attorney charges that Craig and prosecutors decided who was guilty, then worked backward to "prove" their thesis through a "systematic campaign of witness intimidation."

Vicky Buckwalter, an investigator hired by Noling's trial lawyers, prefers more lyrical phrasing.

"This case is fiction," she says, "and Ron Craig wrote the story."

*****

Butch Wolcott remembers the drive to the Hartig residence. He rode with three men: his court-appointed attorney, a psychologist, and Craig. He was unable to provide the route of travel ostensibly taken the day of the murders. Yet as the car slowed, Wolcott says, Craig looked over at the home, then locked eyes with him in the rearview mirror.

"This the one you wanted to see?" Craig asked, according to a transcript of the taped interview. "Do you know this house?"

Wolcott felt the investigator's stare burn into him. He swallowed. "It looks like it."

Some weeks before that trip in the fall of 1991, Craig had summoned Wolcott, then 15, to the prosecutor's office. Craig and assistant prosecutor Robert Durst refused to let his father sit in during a two-hour interrogation.

"When he walked out of there," Harold Wolcott says, "you could see he'd had the shit scared out of him."

In a sworn affidavit submitted as part of Noling's appeals, Butch Wolcott charges that Craig and Durst threatened to "put me in jail for life." He alleges they lied that a worker up on a utility pole spotted him and the others at the Hartigs, and that a cigarette found outside the home matched Wolcott's DNA.

If the teen agreed to cooperate with them, however, he'd receive immunity.

"I was terrified," Wolcott says. "I did what they wanted me to do."

In separate affidavits, Dalesandro and St. Clair accuse Craig of similar tactics in coercing them to plead guilty to a crime they deny committing. The deals they and Wolcott cut enabled Craig to tighten a net around Noling -- whom the investigator fingered as the brains of the group -- without ever interviewing him.

"We want the triggerman," Dalesandro recalls Craig saying. "We know he did it."

Wolcott likens Craig, a onetime Kent police detective, to NYPD Blue's Andy Sipowicz -- in body shape and interrogation style. In his affidavit, Wolcott claims the badgering began after he insisted he knew nothing about the murders. Craig replied that he'd repressed memories of the tragedy, Wolcott alleges, and arranged for him to visit a psychologist. The shrink duly seconded the opinion, diagnosing him with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The interview transcript shows that Dr. Alfred Grzegorek rode along on the trip to the Hartig house in late 1991. His comments to Wolcott evoke images of a sculptor molding clay.

"People remember in different ways, Butch . . .," the doctor said. "That is one of the reasons for coming out here and trying to help your memory a bit. We were a little concerned when we were talking [earlier] that you weren't remembering everything you needed to remember."

Such apparently induced recall would bear fruit in later interviews -- sort of. By June 1992, when Craig asked whether April 5 was the correct date of the murders, Wolcott stammered, "Like I said, I'm not totally certain, but the way the facts are pointing now . . . that's what it is. As far as you helped my memory."

He contends Craig further greased his recollection -- and his fear -- with perpetual reminders that his immunity would vanish unless he played along. " . . .Other times that we have talked, I've been pretty scared, to be honest with you," Wolcott said in a 1992 statement to prosecutors.

Craig prepped him for as long as two hours before flipping on a tape recorder, Wolcott asserts in his affidavit, and forced him to study written responses to questions. That may explain his comment to Craig about the alleged murder weapon: "Tyrone didn't have a gun until he got the .25. I think that's the way it read in the question, the way the question was."

Likewise, Dalesandro and St. Clair charge in their affidavits that Craig fed them answers. But St. Clair -- who alleges that the investigator gave him photos and drew a diagram of the crime scene -- evidently struggled with his lines. An exchange in a March 1993 interview, during which Craig presses him on what he supposedly heard in the Hartig home, resembles a director prompting an actor at rehearsal.

"Were Mr. and Mrs. Hartig screaming in the house?" Craig asked.

"I think they might have been," St. Clair replied.

"They were pleading for their life, weren't they?"

"I think."

"They were pretty scared people, weren't they? They were pleading to live, weren't they?"

"I think they were."

The interviews and statements lay bare how Noling's three alleged cohorts changed their stories as often as they told them. Hundreds of discrepancies litter their accounts. Each man contradicts himself and the other two on points both trivial and critical, whether discussing who sat where in the car or what happened to the purported murder weapon.

Dalesandro, the alleged driver, first denied ever traveling to Atwater. Weeks later, he recalled that Noling and St. Clair spent 10 minutes inside the Hartig home. In a third interview, his estimate ballooned to 40 minutes. St. Clair recounted that Noling shot Cora Hartig first -- until Craig repeated the question minutes later.

"I think it was Mr. Hartig," St. Clair replied.

In his first interview, Wolcott said Noling stayed silent when he returned to the car. In his second, he remembered Noling saying, "I didn't want to do this." A week later, he claimed that Noling lamented, "I didn't want to tie them with the phone cord."

A coroner's report and evidence photos give no indication that the Hartigs were tied up.

That their accounts shifted like winds off Lake Erie mattered little -- prosecutors withheld such nagging details from the grand jury that indicted Noling in 1992. The panel's members were unaware, for example, that Wolcott said he was too drunk to remember anything, much less specifics.

"The way I was dozing off," he told officials, "they could have driven from here to Cleveland and then back to the house [in Alliance] and I wouldn't have known."

Now 28, he provides another reason for the lapses. "Because we were never there."

*****

Noling insists time has drained him of the bitterness he once felt toward Wolcott, Dalesandro, and St. Clair. But mention their deals with prosecutors, and his response belies a residue of bile.

"I don't think I would ever admit to something I didn't do . . .," he says. "I guess they were all worried about their own hides."

Wolcott's witness statement in June 1992 handed prosecutors a crowbar to split open Dalesandro and St. Clair. Dalesandro copped within a month. He received 5 to 15 years, adding to the 3- to 15-year term he'd already started for an unrelated drug conviction. He contends that his public defender leaned on him as hard as prosecutors did.

"He told me if I didn't take the deal, they'd go to Gary and I'd go down with Tyrone," Dalesandro says. "I didn't want to be doing a life sentence for something I didn't do."

St. Clair, described by his father as "always a little slow," pleaded out hours after a judge declared him competent to stand trial in March 1993. Bob St. Clair and his son's attorneys urged him to accept a life sentence that carried the chance of parole in 23 years. The term was tacked on to the 5- to 25-year hitch he received for the Murphy robbery.

"I just wanted to save his life at the time," Bob St. Clair says. "I didn't believe he was guilty -- ever."

Prosecutors also offered a deal to Noling, who'd netted 5 to 25 years for the Hughes and Murphy robberies. It would spare him the death penalty. Peter Cahoon, one of his trial lawyers, recalls his client's retort: "Tell the prosecutor to put on his best trial suit. We're going to trial."

Cahoon and co-counsel George Keith hired Vicky Buckwalter to investigate the case. She detected a recurring theme amid the tangled narratives of Noling's alleged accomplices. Their statements matched up until investigators asked them about going to the Hartig home -- at which point the accounts splintered as though jammed into a wood chipper.

"It's hard to keep a story straight when it never happened," she says.

The disparities led Buckwalter and another investigator to visit St. Clair in prison days after he pleaded guilty. He denied any role in the killings and accused Ron Craig of coercion. He charged that his own lawyers showed him Wolcott's statement and a video of the crime scene to "help" his memory. Midway through their taped conversation, Buckwalter asked if he wanted to testify against Noling.

"Not really," St. Clair replied.

The interview acted as a rubber bullet. It stunned Norris, the Portage County prosecutor who had sicced Craig on the murder probe, but didn't stop the case.

Norris scotched Noling's indictment as his trial opened in June 1993, concerned that St. Clair's testimony would be tainted. Vowing to refile charges, Norris instead wound up forced from office the next year, after the feds busted him for cocaine possession. So his successor, Victor Vigluicci, resumed the chase.

First, authorities impressed on St. Clair that he would lose his plea deal unless he testified; he soon caved. Next, investigators scrounged up three jail snitches who claimed that Noling bragged about the killings to them. Their statements about Noling's boasts -- that he herded the Hartigs into the bedroom before shooting them --contradicted the murder scene. An undaunted Vigluicci deemed his witness cupboard restocked, and prosecutors coaxed a grand jury to indict Noling again in 1995.

As a result of Buckwalter's spadework, however, his lawyers stood hip-deep in evidence and witnesses of their own. Her work unearthed three crucial findings:

· Noling maintained that, after the Murphy robbery on April 5, he, St. Clair, Dalesandro, and Wolcott went cruising around Alliance -- not Atwater -- later that afternoon. Spotting an elderly woman walking alone, Noling and the others recalled, he hopped out and sprinted off with her purse, scoring a single credit card and $8.

While Noling sketched a map of where the theft occurred for his lawyers, police claimed that no report of the incident existed. But in scouring court documents, Buckwalter noticed that Craig seemed fully aware of the crime, inquiring about it during his interview with St. Clair in March 1993.

"Did you rob another woman at a parking lot prior to going on your ride out in the country . . . steal a purse or something?" Craig asked.

St. Clair confirmed the theft, adding that they set out from his half-brother's house after 5 p.m.

It's a vital time hook: The Hartigs -- who lived 15 miles away -- were killed between 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. that day.

· Investigators alleged that, when Noling shot the Hartigs in the kitchen, St. Clair stopped ransacking the bedroom, then ran from the house with his friend moments later.

Buckwalter's review of the evidence exposed a crack in that scenario. Detectives found a spent shell casing under a pile of papers dumped in the living room -- a fact that suggests the killer searched the residence after the slayings.

· Police interviewed Dr. Daniel Cannone, the Hartigs' physician and longtime friend, as part of their probe. The doctor described how, during a phone call the night before the shootings, Bearnhardt divulged that his insurance agent owed him $10,000.

According to Cannone, Bearnhardt said he lent the money to Lewis Lehman to boost his insurance business, much as he once aided the doctor with his practice. But Lehman had defaulted, and before hanging up that Wednesday evening, Bearnhardt vowed to confront the agent by the weekend.

"This whole thing is starting to smell," he told Cannone.

Survivors of the Depression, the Hartigs had stashed their life savings in a heating duct in their basement until early 1990, when Cannone persuaded them to rent a safety deposit box. They always did business in cash -- whether buying a car or extending loans to friends -- and kept tidy financial records. Yet a police search turned up no paperwork regarding a transaction with Lehman.

"Bearnhardt would have had written documentation," Cannone says. "That's always kind of bothered me."

Something else troubled Buckwalter. Lehman admitted to police in 1992 that he used to own a .25-caliber handgun but had sold it "to [an] unknown individual." The Alliance resident explained that he'd carried it on the job because "sometimes people would act funny."

The single-page report is the lone document in the case file that pertains to Lehman, despite its reference to an earlier visit police paid him. It contains no details on whether detectives tried to track down his gun or learn about the debt he may have owed the Hartigs. Similarly, county investigators disclosed little when Buckwalter asked about him, vaguely replying that "he doesn't fit the profile."

Buckwalter and ex-sheriff Howe counter that Lehman, who died in 1998, makes a near-perfect fit. (Lehman's widow, since remarried, declined comment to Scene.)

Evidence suggests that the killer sat across from the Hartigs at the kitchen table when he shot them -- a sign that the couple may have known their attacker.

Buckwalter and Howe also regard the condition of the couple's home -- from which no valuables appeared missing -- as proof that the assailant executed a careful search rather than a frenzied plundering. A careful search, they speculate, for a cache of money or a promissory note on a $10,000 loan.

Their theory rests more on circumstantial clues and guesswork than on hard evidence. Still, Buckwalter says, hearing about Lehman might have stirred reasonable doubt in jurors.

That is, if Noling's lawyers had mentioned him.

*****

A judge granted the prosecution's request to declare St. Clair a hostile witness when he recanted his admission of guilt at Noling's trial in January 1996. It marked the closest that public defenders Cahoon and Keith came to calling a witness on his behalf.

Seven years later, neither attorney cares to share the logic behind that passive strategy. Keith declines to talk on the record. Cahoon favors a mantra that he repeats a half-dozen times: "All defense claims were fully investigated."

But if Buckwalter supplied pieces of the puzzle, Cahoon and Keith failed to assemble them in front of jurors.

The lawyers passed on putting Cannone and detectives on the stand to discuss Lehman. Nor did they bring up the purse snatching, which occurred around the time of the murders, or call Ron Craig to testify about how he knew of the incident despite the lack of a police report. They also neglected to describe how the Hughes and Murphy robberies differed enough from the Hartig killings for sheriff's investigators to jettison Noling as a suspect.

Noling believes their approach had its roots in the parched soil of apathy, claiming they prodded him to plead out prior to trial. "They were talking about how I'm guilty as sin."

In response, Cahoon says, "I'm not going to rehash the case." But with respect to Noling's alleged cohorts, he contends, "These guys would have been crazy not to turn state's evidence."

The comment may hint at why, in Noling's latest appeal, attorney Gideon argues that Cahoon and Keith choked their client's odds of acquittal at least as much as prosecutors. Besides ignoring what Buckwalter uncovered, Gideon asserts, the trial lawyers botched chance after chance to fillet the county's case.

Ballistics tests proved that the handgun Noling stole from the Hugheses was not used in the Hartig killings, as investigators first surmised. So prosecutors trotted out Dalesandro to testify that Noling possessed a second .25 -- one authorities never recovered. Released after police cleared him in the Hughes and Murphy robberies, Dalesandro recalled, he obeyed Noling's orders to ditch the purported murder weapon.

Dalesandro took the gun to a fence named Chico Garcia, who in turn sold it to another man. But records show that the gun tracked down through Garcia was, in fact, the .25 pinched from the Hughes household. Cahoon and Keith, however, mounted no counterattack.

Similarly, Dalesandro and Wolcott testified that they saw and smelled gun smoke when Noling returned to the car. Cahoon and Keith's files included a report, prepared by a Tallmadge police sergeant, stating that the smoke would have dissipated by the time Noling reached the car. Yet the lawyers decided against putting the cop on the stand.

They also disregarded flaws in the prosecution's timeline. Wolcott testified that he and the others drove to Atwater on April 5 after St. Clair's mother, Beverly Rupp, picked up his half-brother from his home in Alliance for her birthday dinner. The memory of her visit supposedly reinforced Wolcott's account of the killings.

One problem: Rupp's birthday is April 6, and both she and St. Clair's half-brother remember her stopping by the house on that day. Neither was called to testify.

Buckwalter stayed away from the courtroom because Cahoon had declared her a witness. As she received updates on the trial from people who attended, she called Cahoon almost daily to suggest how he could deflate the prosecution's case. But her advice appeared to go no farther than the lawyer's voice mail.

Repeats Cahoon: "All defense claims were fully investigated."

Considering how much he and Keith left out, Buckwalter says, she understands why jurors found Noling guilty. "If I was sitting on the jury, I may have convicted Tyrone. I don't blame them at all."

After the guilty verdict, Cahoon and Keith finally called a handful of witnesses during the sentencing phase. Noling's mother and sister talked about how his father abused him with words and fists as a youngster. A psychologist posited that his tattered youth had saddled him with "the inner controls of a 2-year-old child."

Noling spoke last, his voice cracking, his thoughts fractured. "Life don't work out sometimes like everybody thinks it's going to . . . and I just beg from the bottom of my heart that you spare my life."

Unmoved, the jury voted for the death penalty, a sentence the judge affirmed two weeks later. As bailiffs escorted Noling from the courtroom that day, he spotted Ron Craig. Noling's fury detonated. "You're a piece of shit," he snarled. "You have no right to take my life away from me."

*****

Much as Noling's lawyers may have botched his case, he might never have faced murder charges without Craig's handiwork.

The evidence put forth in Noling's appeals shows how Craig could have manipulated the Hartig probe. Mix together Noling's robberies, the stolen .25, and his cruising around with three pals. Move their joyride from Alliance to Atwater and swap out the purse snatching for a double homicide. Browbeat Noling's alleged accomplices until they parrot that version of events.

Case closed.

Eugene Muldowney, the assistant prosecutor who tried the Noling case, sums up that theory in three words: "Grasping at straws."

Muldowney spits out tommy-gun responses to questions about the investigation. Asked if any chance exists that authorities nailed the wrong guy, he says, "In my mind, there was no doubt." He derides allegations about authorities inventing a phantom handgun as "nonsense." The purse-snatching alibi? "They're trying to come up with anything they can."

As for the affidavits of Wolcott, Dalesandro, and St. Clair accusing Craig of coercion, he snaps, "No pressure was put on these guys. None that I've seen."

For all his bluntness, Muldowney sounds downright verbose next to his boss, Prosecutor Victor Vigluicci, who refused to discuss the case with Scene.

"I'm not real happy with your magazine," he fumed.

Vigluicci's irritation traces back to a January article that explored a judge's decision to grant new trials to two men convicted of murder in Portage County in 1990. The ruling, which Vigluicci has appealed, stoked allegations that authorities won the cases against Robert Gondor and Randy Resh by coercing testimony and hiding reports.

The similarities between that case and Noling's cut deep, in part because two of the prime players -- Craig and disgraced ex-prosecutor David Norris -- were involved in both. (Norris, now with the Florida public defender's office, did not respond to interview requests.)

Buckwalter, now an investigator with the Stark County public defender's office, also probed the Gondor-Resh case while employed by a private firm. "I thought something like that could only happen once," she says. "I was wrong."

In June 1993, after Buckwalter's interview with Gary St. Clair led to the dropping of charges against Noling, Norris declared, "I'm not in the business of prosecuting innocent people." Yet she and Gideon, Noling's appellate lawyer, sense that both Norris and Vigluicci were influenced more by politics than truth.

In 1992, the year a grand jury first indicted Noling, Norris ran for reelection. Four years later, on the day the opening of Noling's trial played on the front page, newspapers carried stories of Vigluicci filing for reelection.

"If that's not politics driving this," Gideon says, "we're all blind, deaf, and dumb."

*****

A Portage County judge will rule later this year on whether evidence raised in Noling's appeals warrants the voiding of his sentence. The pending decision weighs on his alleged accomplices as heavily as on Noling.

Wolcott now lives in Hawaii, where he works construction. Back in 1990, he and Noling shared a mutual disdain. In the few days they hung around each other, Wolcott recalls, Noling twice pressed the stolen .25 against his head and vowed to shoot him if he squealed about the robberies. He alleges that Craig pressured him to say that Noling threatened him over the murders, not the robberies -- employing what Wolcott dubs "the art of fear" to wear him down.

"This is going to make me look like shit, but when the trial ended, I felt like 'It's over. It's finally over.'"

Today, he finds himself gazing at the ocean for hours, regretting his role in putting a man he feels is innocent on the path toward execution. "I seriously believe that a demon will chase me until this is over, until Tyrone gets out," he says. "Trust me -- I'm in my own prison."

The state paroled Dalesandro, 32, last month, after he served 11 years. He plans to work in a relative's scrap yard and hopes one day to run a tow-truck service. But he figures that, if he had simply maintained Noling's innocence, his old friend might be on the outside with him.

"I feel stupid because I let [investigators] scare me," says Dalesandro, who alleges that prosecutors force-fed him the story about the existence of a second .25. "If I hadn't lied, none of this would have happened."

St. Clair, 34, faces at least 10 more years behind bars. Norris punished him by pushing for a longer sentence when he refused to testify against Noling. He's unrepentant: "Me, Tyrone, Butch, Joey -- we didn't do this."

Meanwhile, Noling's good behavior has landed him in the "honor pod" of death row, where he's afforded more time out of his cell and other meager privileges. Given that he seldom hears from his family, save for the cash that his father mails him, he harbors a healthy sense of gallows humor.

Recounting how St. Clair watched TV at the Hughes house during the robbery, Noling cackles at the memory. "Why not get a bowl of cereal and have himself a good ol' time?"

If some interpret such a remark as cold-hearted, consider it from another angle: On death row, whether guilty or innocent, a man adapts to his fate any way he can. Noling says he's already weathered depression. Now he simply tries to balance his desire for freedom against a fatalistic view that the best he can hope for is to have his sentence commuted to life.

"All I have is my soul," he says. "That's the only thing they can't take away from me."